Using protein-encapsulated gold nanoclusters as photoluminescent sensing probes for biomolecules

Selvaprakash, Karuppuchamy; Chen, Yu-Chie

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.055

Cited by 106 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition to heavy metal ion detection, fluorescent AuNCs can also be exploited detecting small molecules (hydrogen peroxide [40,150], enzymes [151][152][153], dopamine [154][155][156], nitrite [157], cholesterol [158], folic acid [159], ciprofloxacin [160], etc.) and biological macromolecules (proteins [161][162][163][164][165][166], glucose [40,167], etc.). Zhang and coworkers have showed a biomineralization strategy for the detection of hydrogen peroxide by synthesizing the AuNCs by a functional template-Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at physiological conditions [127].…”

Section: Small Molecules and Biomacromolecules Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Synthesis and Recent Biological Application

et al. 2015

Journal of Nanomaterials

115

112

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Fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have been extensively studied due to their unique construction and distinctive properties, which place them between single metal atoms and larger nanoparticles. The dimension of AuNCs is comparable to the Fermi wavelength of electrons, which lead to size-dependent fluorescence and other molecule-like properties. In this review, we summarize various synthesis strategies of fluorescent AuNCs and recent advances of biological applications such as biosensing, biolabeling, and bioimaging. The synthetic methods are considered as two routes: "Atoms to Clusters" and "Nanoparticles to Clusters. " The surface functionalization of AuNCs is described as the precondition for making future bioapplications possible, which can eventually influence their stability, biocompatibility, and other properties. And then we focus on the recent advances of AuNCs-based applications in biological sensing, biolabeling, and bioimaging and finally discuss the current challenges of AuNCs in controllable synthesis and biological application.

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Section: Small Molecules and Biomacromolecules Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Synthesis and Recent Biological Application

et al. 2015

Journal of Nanomaterials

115

112

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“…Protein stabilized noble metal nanoclusters (P:NC) present an exciting option as an intracellular fluorescent marker (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). P:NCs are small clusters of atoms ranging from 5 to 25 atoms which are comprised of an Au 0 core surrounded by a shell of Au + atoms that are bound to the stabilizing protein (9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situSynthesis of Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters by Nontumorigenic Microglial Cells

West¹,

Schaeublin

Griep³

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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To date, the directed in situ synthesis of fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) has only been demonstrated in cancerous cells, with the theorized synthesis mechanism prohibiting AuNC formation in nontumorigenic cell lines. This limitation hinders potential biostabilized AuNC-based technology in healthy cells involving both chemical and mechanical analysis, such as the direct sensing of protein function and the elucidation of local mechanical environments. Thus, new synthesis strategies are required to expand the application space of AuNCs beyond cancer-focused cellular studies. In this contribution, we have developed the methodology and demonstrated the direct in situ synthesis of AuNCs in the nontumorigenic neuronal microglial line, C8B4. The as-synthesized AuNCs form in situ and are stabilized by cellular proteins. The clusters exhibit bright green fluorescence and demonstrate low (<10%) toxicity. Interestingly, elevated ROS levels were not required for the in situ formation of AuNCs, although intracellular reductants such as glutamate were required for the synthesis of AuNCs in C8B4 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever demonstration of AuNC synthesis in nontumorigenic cells and, as such, it considerably expands the application space of biostabilized fluorescent AuNCs.

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“…12 Protein-capped NCs retain their fluorescence (FL) in a wide range of pH and can easily be conjugated with target and drug molecules. Most published applications of Au NCs have been focused on sensing, bioimaging in vitro and in vivo, 4,19,[22][23][24][25] and catalysis. 6,26,27 The excessive use of antibiotics in human and animal medicine has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%