Using potassium catalytic gasification to improve the performance of solid oxide direct carbon fuel cells: Experimental characterization and elementary reaction modeling

Yu, Xiankai; Shi, Yixiang; Wang, Hongjian; Cai, Ningsheng; Li, Chen; Ghoniem, Ahmed F.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.021

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The R o and R p of the cells both decrease with increasing temperature. The improvement of Boudouard gasification rate of fuels with increasing temperature leads to more sufficient supply of CO to the anode active sites, which favors the decrease of concentration polarization and the increase of output performance …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purified high‐sulfur coal as a fuel for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

Jiao

Xue

et al. 2018

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The use of low‐rank coal in a clean and efficient manner is a major challenge facing the current coal technology. A high‐sulfur coal with 4.5 wt% sulfur is chosen to examine the compatibility of the pristine coal and the purified contrast with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with nickel cermet anodes. Desulfurization of the pristine coal is performed by molten caustic leaching method with a removal ratio of 80%. Analyses of the physicochemical properties of coal samples indicate that the purified coal has a more favorable structure and higher Boudouard reactivity, which is suitable as a fuel for fuel cells. The assessment of electrochemical performance reveals that the purification treatment not only makes the peak power density of SOFCs improve from 115 to 221 mW cm−2 at 900°C but also extends their durability from 1.7 to 11.2 hours under a current density of 50 mA cm−2 at 850°C with a fuel availability increasing from 6.25% to 40%. The postmortem analyses show that far less deposited carbon and nickel sulfide are observed on the anode surface. The fuel‐based investigation reveals that the purified coal is a promising fuel for direct carbon fuel cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purified high‐sulfur coal as a fuel for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

Jiao

Xue

et al. 2018

Int J Energy Res

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“…showed that a potassium salt catalyst at a mass ratio of K:C=1:10 increased the rate of carbon gasification, resulting in a significantly higher power density. The power density of CF‐SOFCs with potassium carbonate infused in the carbon bed was approximately five times higher than that without a catalyst …”

Section: Materials and Structural Development Of The Anode In Cf‐sofcsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Anodes for Carbon‐Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Zhou

Jiao

et al. 2015

ChemElectroChem

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been considered as one of the most promising technologies for high‐efficiency electrical energy generation using a variety of fuels, including hydrogen, natural gas, biogas, carbon monoxide, liquid hydrocarbons and solid carbon. Carbon‐fueled SOFCs (CF‐SOFCs) potentially have the highest volume power density because solid carbon has a fuel energy density of 23.95 kWh L−1, which is approximately 10 times higher than that of liquid hydrogen. However, the reactivity and fluid mobility of carbon is significantly lower than those of gaseous fuels; thus, CF‐SOFCs will be kinetically limited at the anode. Herein, we review the development of anodes in CF‐SOFCs from the perspective of material compositions and microstructures. Challenges and research trends based on the fundamental understanding of the materials science and engineering for anode development in CF‐SOFCs are discussed.

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“…These systems use an aqueous hydroxide electrolyte and thus must operate at greatly elevated pressures in order to maintain the electrolyte as a liquid. Early work was carried out within autoclaves at 200 °C and 30 bar pressure with raw brown coal as the fuel [17]. The autoclave body was used as the anode with an iron rod used as the cathode.…”

Section: Aqueous Hydroxide Electrolyte Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

Chen

Gao

Long

et al. 2015

ILCPA

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Fuel cells are under development for a range of applications for transport, stationary and portable power appliances. Fuel cell technology has advanced to the stage where commercial field trials for both transport and stationary applications are in progress. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) utilize solid carbon as the fuel and have historically attracted less investment than other types of gas or liquid fed fuel cells. However, volatility in gas and oil commodity prices and the increasing concern about the environmental impact of burning heavy fossil fuels for power generation has led to DCFCs gaining more attention within the global study community. A DCFC converts the chemical energy in solid carbon directly into electricity through its direct electrochemical oxidation. The fuel utilization can be almost 100% as the fuel feed and product gases are distinct phases and thus can be easily separated. This is not the case with other fuel cell types for which the fuel utilization within the cell is typically limited to below 85%. The theoretical efficiency is also high, around 100%. The combination of these two factors, lead to the projected electric efficiency of DCFC approaching 80% -approximately twice the efficiency of current generation coal fired power plants, thus leading to a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The amount of CO 2 for storage/sequestration is also halved. Moreover, the exit gas is an almost pure CO 2 stream, requiring little or no gas separation before compression for sequestration. Therefore, the energy and cost penalties to capture the CO 2 will also be significantly less than for other technologies. Furthermore, a variety of abundant fuels such as coal, coke, tar, biomass and organic waste can be used. Despite these advantages, the technology is at an early stage of development requiring solutions to many complex challenges related to materials degradation, fuel delivery, reaction kinetics, stack fabrication and system design, before it can be considered for commercialization. This paper, following a brief introduction to other fuel cells, reviews in detail the current status of the direct carbon fuel cell technology, recent progress, technical challenges and discusses the future of the technology.

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Using potassium catalytic gasification to improve the performance of solid oxide direct carbon fuel cells: Experimental characterization and elementary reaction modeling

Cited by 38 publications

References 36 publications

Purified high‐sulfur coal as a fuel for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

Purified high‐sulfur coal as a fuel for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

Anodes for Carbon‐Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

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