Using Polyisobutylene as a Non-Fluorinated Binder for Coated Lithium Powder (CLiP) Electrodes

Heine, Jennifer; Rodehorst, Uta; Qi, Xin; Badillo, Juan Pablo; Hartnig, Christoph; Wietelmann, Ulrich; Winter, Martin; Bieker, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.128

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Practical approaches to improve the rechargeable lithium‐metal anode from the electrode material's point of view concentrate on either using coated lithium powder or foil and lithium with surface micropatterning . The main underlying principle is increasing the specific surface area thus decreasing the effective current density and the resulting overpotential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium‐Metal Foil Surface Modification: An Effective Method to Improve the Cycling Performance of Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Becking¹,

Gröbmeyer²,

Kolek³

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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154

160

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Although the lithium-metal anode has the advantages of both high gravimetric and volumetric capacities (3862 Ah kg −1 and 2085 Ah L −1 ) [13] and is already successfully used in primary batteries, it is still plagued by a series of issues that limit its successful operation in rechargeable applications, when organic solvent based electrolytes are used. [14] One of them is the nature of the lithium-metal dissolution and redeposition in the discharge and charge process together with the composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) [15,16] that is formed immediately after electrolyte addition and continues to form, grow and alter during cycling, [17] which limits the rechargeability in these battery systems and decreases their safety. [15,18,19] The SEI, though not being a homo geneous single phase, varies in composition and thickness and these differences lead to inhomogeneous and thus locally different current densities during the discharge and charge process, which can ultimately cause the formation of high surface area lithium (HSAL) during lithium deposition (charging) and hole/pit formation during dissolution (discharging). [20][21][22] In the worst case, the HSAL morphology takes the form of dendrites, i.e., small needle like lithium deposits that can grow through the separator from the anode towards the cathode. This process can lead to an internal short circuit of the cell resulting in local overheating and possibly cause a cell fire due to an increased reactivity with the electrolyte and the low melting point of lithium (180.54 °C). [23] Practical approaches to improve the rechargeable lithiummetal anode from the electrode material's point of view concentrate on either using coated lithium powder [24,25] or foil [26] and lithium with surface micropatterning. [27,28] The main underlying principle is increasing the specific surface area thus decreasing the effective current density and the resulting overpotential. However, the behavior of the lithium-metal electrode is quite complex and electrolyte-dependent [22,[29][30][31] and there is a need to identify the optimal conditions under which lithium-metal electrodes can cycle with both an increased reversibility and low overpotentials. [32] As-received lithium-metal foil contains several contaminants, [33] particularly on the surface. [34] In addition, even a new lithium foil that is considered to be smooth shows a non-negligible surface roughness that Lithium metal as an electrode material possesses a native surface film, which leads to a rough surface and this has a negative impact on the cycling behavior. A simple, fast, and reproducible technique is shown, which makes it possible to flatten and thin the native surface film of the lithium-metal anode. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images are presented to verify the success of the method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal that the chemical composition of the lithium surface is also changed. Furthermore, galvanostatic measurements indicate superior c...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium‐Metal Foil Surface Modification: An Effective Method to Improve the Cycling Performance of Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Becking¹,

Gröbmeyer²,

Kolek³

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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154

160

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“…The stabilized Li metal powder ( Figure 8) can be handled safely in dry air, in contrast to "normal" (non-treated) Li metal powder which is only stable under inert gas conditions [67]. Other Li products producing companies like Rockwood Lithium (now: Albemarle Corporation, Charlotte, NC, USA) have developed their own Li powder, i.e., coated lithium powder (CLiP) [69,70]. .…”

Section: Pre-lithiation By Direct Contact To Lithium Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In order to meet the sophisticated demands for large-scale applications such as electro-mobility, next generation energy storage technologies require advanced electrode active materials with enhanced gravimetric and volumetric capacities to achieve increased gravimetric energy and volumetric energy densities. However, most of these materials suffer from high 1st cycle active lithium losses, e.g., caused by solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, which in turn hinder their broad commercial use so far. In general, the loss of active lithium permanently decreases the available energy by the consumption of lithium from the positive electrode material. Pre-lithiation is considered as a highly appealing technique to compensate for active lithium losses and, therefore, to increase the practical energy density. Various pre-lithiation techniques have been evaluated so far, including electrochemical and chemical pre-lithiation, pre-lithiation with the help of additives or the pre-lithiation by direct contact to lithium metal. In this review article, we will give a comprehensive overview about the various concepts for pre lithiation and controversially discuss their advantages and challenges. Furthermore, we will critically discuss possible effects on the cell performance and stability and assess the techniques with regard to their possible commercial exploration.

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“…Another example of slurry process utilization is the addition of different types of additives such as metal powders or special binders to the Li metal powder electrode. [ 132–134 ] Hwang et al used Cu powder as a conductive agent in a Li metal powder electrode (Figure 6d), showing that the particles of Li metal and Cu powders had similar sizes and were well mixed. [ 132 ] Thus, as Cu particles separated Li metal particles and functioned as Li seeding materials, the Li–Cu composite electrode featured enhanced electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Use Of LI Metal Powder and Micropatterning To Increase Surfamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Heine et al proposed polyisobutylene as a nonpolar binder suitable for Li metal powders that are relatively sensitive to residual moisture even in nonaqueous solvents. [ 133,135 ]…”

Section: Use Of LI Metal Powder and Micropatterning To Increase Surfamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, the key advantage of Li metal powder usage is its versatile applicability to the slurry process and the large surface area of Li metal. [ 114,121,123,126,127,133 ] The intrinsic demerits of Li metal powders can be compensated through the use of functional additives in the simple slurry process. However, the commercialization of micron‐sized Li metal powders is still hindered by high manufacturing costs and the immaturity of the large‐scale slurry coating technology.…”

Section: Use Of LI Metal Powder and Micropatterning To Increase Surfamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure‐Controlled Li Metal Electrodes for Post‐Li‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Jin

Park

Ryou

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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more batteries, this approach fails to exceed the threshold of 500 km in view of the limited battery mounting space in EVs and the almost saturated energy density of state-of-the-art LIBs (Figure 1a).As demonstrated in the road map for the development of the eGolf (an EV from Volkswagen), a driving range of 420 km can be achieved by 2020 based on the currently available LIB chemistry, cell design techniques, and vehicle frame lightening.

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Using Polyisobutylene as a Non-Fluorinated Binder for Coated Lithium Powder (CLiP) Electrodes

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Lithium‐Metal Foil Surface Modification: An Effective Method to Improve the Cycling Performance of Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Lithium‐Metal Foil Surface Modification: An Effective Method to Improve the Cycling Performance of Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

Structure‐Controlled Li Metal Electrodes for Post‐Li‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives

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