“…In particular, flower-shaped patches conceived on a defective ground structure (DGS) [ 2 ], Oxalis triangularis plant-leaf shapes for the realization of two frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) [ 3 ], Carica Papaya leaf-based patches [ 4 ], sunflower-seed-shaped surfaces [ 5 ], and fractal and self-similar fractals [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] have demonstrated their potential to achieve large bandwidth, high gain, multiband, and highly directive characteristics. Additionally, a four-leaf clover geometry was exploited to realize patch elements of an antenna array designed for wireless applications [ 10 ]. Investment in such nature-inspired shapes has been further promoted by the introduction of Gielis Superformula [ 11 , 12 ], which facilitates the design of patch antennas [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], metamaterials and metasurfaces [ 16 , 17 ], frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) [ 18 ], and split-ring resonators [ 19 , 20 ].…”