Using personal exposure measurements of particulate matter to estimate health impacts associated with cooking in peri-urban Accra, Ghana

Delapeña, Samantha; Piedrahita, Ricardo; Pillarisetti, Ajay; Garland, Charity; Rossanese, Madeleine; Johnson, Michael; Pennise, David

doi:10.1016/j.esd.2018.05.013

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…During static monitoring, wood and charcoal combustion resulted in average PM 2.5 concentrations ranging from 638 to 2184 µg/m 3 and 17 to 47 µg/m 3 , respectively ( Table 3 and Figure 6 ). The large difference between PM 2.5 concentrations associated with wood combustion compared to charcoal combustion are consistent with the relative rankings of these fuels in earlier research [ 2 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Exposure to Air Pollution in Rural Malawi: Impact of Cooking Methods on Blood Pressure and Peak Expiratory Flow

Mabonga

Beattie

Luwe

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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We made static and personal PM2.5 measurements with a miniature monitor (RTI MicroPEM) to characterise the exposure of women cooking with wood and charcoal in indoor and outdoor locations in rural Malawi, together with measurements of blood pressure and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Mean PM2.5 concentrations of 1338 and 31 µg/m3 were observed 1 m from cookstove locations during cooking with wood and charcoal, respectively. Similarly, mean personal PM2.5 exposures of 706 and 94 µg/m3 were observed during cooking with wood and charcoal, respectively. Personal exposures to PM2.5 in indoor locations were 3.3 and 1.7 times greater than exposures observed in equivalent outdoor locations for wood and charcoal, respectively. Prior to the measured exposure, six out of eight participants had PEFR observations below 80% of their expected (age and height) standardised PEFR. We observed reductions in PEFR for participants cooking with wood in indoor locations. Five out of eight participants reported breathing difficulties, coughing, and eye irritation when cooking with wood but reported that symptoms were less severe when cooking with charcoal. In conclusion, we observed that exposure to PM2.5 was substantially reduced by cooking outdoor with charcoal. As both wood and charcoal fuels are associated with negative environmental and health impacts, the adoption of high-efficiency cookstoves and less polluting sources of energy will be highly beneficial. Cooking outside whenever possible, and minimising the time spent in close proximity to stoves, may be simple interventions that could reduce the risks of exacerbation and progression of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Malawi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Exposure to Air Pollution in Rural Malawi: Impact of Cooking Methods on Blood Pressure and Peak Expiratory Flow

Mabonga

Beattie

Luwe

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…However, these studies came from a range of geographic contexts—largely Central and South America—that may not be as relevant to Sub-Saharan Africa. In a cross-sectional study in Accra, Ghana—a large urban city—households only using LPG had mean PM 2.5 exposure of 24 μg/m³, though households also reporting wood use or charcoal use had somewhat higher exposures (between 31 and 79 μg/m³) 55 . A study in rural Kenya estimated 48-hour personal CO exposure to be between 0.8 ppm to 1.3 ppm—concentrations comparable to those presented in this study 56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of clean cooking interventions on mother and child personal exposure to air pollution: results from the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS)

Chillrud

Ae-Ngibise

Gould

et al. 2021

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Background: Clean cooking interventions to reduce air pollution exposure from burning biomass for daily cooking and heating needs have the potential to reduce a large burden of disease globally. Objective: To evaluate the air pollution exposure impacts of a fan-assisted efficient biomass-burning cookstove and a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove intervention in rural Ghana. Methods: We randomized 1 414 households in rural Ghana with pregnant mothers into a control arm (N = 526) or one of two clean cooking intervention arms: a fan-assisted efficient biomass-burning cookstove (N = 527) or an LPG stove and cylinder refills as needed (N = 361). We monitored personal maternal carbon monoxide (CO) at baseline and six times after intervention and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure twice after intervention. Children received three CO exposure monitoring sessions. Results: We obtained 5 655 48-hour maternal CO exposure estimates and 1 903 for children, as well as 1 379 maternal PM 2.5 exposure estimates. Median baseline CO exposures in the Control, improved biomass, and LPG arms were 1.17, 1.17, and 1.30 ppm, respectively. Based on a differences-in-differences approach, the LPG arm showed a 47% reduction (95% CI: 34–57%) in mean 48-hr CO exposure compared to the control arm. Mean maternal PM 2.5 exposure in the LPG arm was 32% lower than the control arm during the post-intervention period (52 ± 29 μg/m 3 vs 77 ± 44 μg/m 3 ). The biomass stove did not meaningfully reduce CO or PM 2.5 exposure. Conclusions: We show that LPG interventions lowered air pollution exposure significantly compared to three-stone fires. However, post-intervention exposures still exceeded health-relevant targets. Significance: In a large controlled trial of cleaner cooking interventions, an LPG stove and fuel intervention reduced air pollution exposure in a vulnerable population in a low-resource setting.

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“…In doing so, we aim to estimate the amount of contamination due to filter handling, rather than from air pollution exposure. The PATS+ and UPAS have been laboratory validated and field tested in similar studies previously [22,[27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Estimating Personal Exposure To Fine Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-standing LPG subsidies, cooking fuel stacking, and personal exposure to air pollution in rural and peri-urban Ecuador

Gould

Schlesinger²,

Molina

et al. 2020

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Ecuador presents a unique case study for evaluating personal air pollution exposure in a middle-income country where a clean cooking fuel has been available at low cost for several decades. We measured personal PM 2.5 exposure, stove use, and participant location during a 48-h monitoring period for 157 rural and peri-urban households in coastal and Andean Ecuador. While nearly all households owned a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and used it as their primary cooking fuel, onequarter of households utilized firewood as a secondary fuel and 10% used induction stoves secondary to LPG. Stove use monitoring demonstrated clear within-and across-meal fuel stacking patterns. Firewood-owning participants had higher distributions of 48-h and 10-min PM 2.5 exposure as compared with primary LPG and induction stove users, and this effect became more pronounced with firewood use during monitoring.Accounting for within-subject clustering, contemporaneous firewood stove use was associated with 101 μg/m 3 higher 10-min PM 2.5 exposure (95% CI: 94-108 μg/m 3). LPG and induction cooking events were largely not associated with contemporaneous PM 2.5 exposure. Our results suggest that firewood use is associated with average and short-term personal air pollution exposure above the WHO interim-I guideline, even when LPG is the primary cooking fuel.

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Using personal exposure measurements of particulate matter to estimate health impacts associated with cooking in peri-urban Accra, Ghana

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Exposure to Air Pollution in Rural Malawi: Impact of Cooking Methods on Blood Pressure and Peak Expiratory Flow

Exposure to Air Pollution in Rural Malawi: Impact of Cooking Methods on Blood Pressure and Peak Expiratory Flow

The effect of clean cooking interventions on mother and child personal exposure to air pollution: results from the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS)

Long-standing LPG subsidies, cooking fuel stacking, and personal exposure to air pollution in rural and peri-urban Ecuador

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