Using pennycress, camelina, and canola cash cover crops to provision pollinators

Eberle, Carrie A.; Thom, Matthew D.; Nemec, Kristine T.; Forcella, Frank; Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Gesch, Russ W.; Riedell, Walter E.; Papiernik, Sharon K.; Wagner, Angela; Peterson, Dean; Eklund, James

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.06.026

Cited by 91 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…and other shortseason summer crops because of their early maturity Berti et al, 2015;Johnson et al, 2017). As a cover crop, winter camelina provides several ecosystem services including soil protection, improved water quality, and forage for pollinators (Eberle et al, 2015;Berti et al, 2017;Johnson et al, 2017), with the added benefit of harvesting its seed for economic return. As a cover crop, winter camelina provides several ecosystem services including soil protection, improved water quality, and forage for pollinators (Eberle et al, 2015;Berti et al, 2017;Johnson et al, 2017), with the added benefit of harvesting its seed for economic return.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Camelina: Crop Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality Response to Cultivar and Seeding Rate

et al. 2018

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Winter annual camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is a freeze‐hardy, early‐maturing crop that allows potential for dual cropping in short‐season temperate environments. However, few studies have compared winter cultivars for variation in key agronomic traits, or have addressed optimizing seeding rate for their production. Traits such as freeze hardiness and improved seed yield and quality would benefit large‐scale adoption of winter camelina. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of four winter camelina cultivars (‘Joelle’, ‘Bison’, ‘HPX‐WG1‐35’, and ‘HPX‐WG4‐1’) grown at three seeding rates (334, 668, and 1000 seed m−2) on winter survival and growth, seed yield, seed oil and protein content, and fatty acid composition in west‐central Minnesota. Joelle had the greatest winter survival rate, averaging 64% across three growing seasons. Plant density increased with seeding rate, but did not significantly affect seed yield. Overall, Bison yielded the greatest (944 kg ha−1) followed by Joelle (865 kg ha−1), whereas HPX‐WG1‐35 (650 kg ha−1) yielded the least. Both HPX‐WG1‐35 and HPX‐WG4‐1 flowered earlier than the other two cultivars and had greater seed protein content. Joelle seed had the greatest oil content, averaging 407 g kg−1, and had significantly greater oleic (C18:1) and lower linoleic acid (C18:2) contents than the other cultivars. Cultivars did not differ in erucic acid (C22:1) content, which averaged 2.2% across cultivars. Seeding at 334 seeds m−2 was sufficient to achieve maximum seed and oil yield. Variation in some key traits was identified among cultivars that may benefit breeding programs by improving winter camelina productivity and increasing its use in dual‐cropping systems.

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Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Camelina: Crop Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality Response to Cultivar and Seeding Rate

et al. 2018

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“…For error estimates, refer to pollen flower −1 (Figure ), pollen grain weights (Table ), TPC (Table ) and flower density (Fig. S2, Eberle et al., ; Figure , Thom et al., ). 1 Winter canola used as weight value, spring canola used for proportion protein; 2 spring canola used for proportion protein; 3 spring canola used for weight and proportion protein values…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To generate values of pollen and protein weights per hectare, we used flower density data previously published on nectar production that was collected on the same plots and days as the pollen collection dates reported here (Eberle et al., ; Thom et al., ). Mean pollen grains per flower (pgF −1 ) were multiplied by the flower density (F ha −1 ) of the crop on the same day to calculate total daily pollen grains produced per hectare per day (pgD −1 ; pg ha −1 day −1 ) for each crop, and was plotted for each day sampled (Figure ).

{pgD}^{- 1} = {pgF}^{- 1} * F {ha}^{- 1}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to conventional crops, specialty oilseeds such as camelina ( Camelina sativa L.), pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense L.), canola ( Brassica napus L.), crambe ( Crambe abyssianica Hochst), echium ( Echium plantagineum L.), borage ( Borago officinalis L.), calendula (Ca lendula officinalis L.), sunflower ( Helianthus annus L.) and cuphea ( Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. × Cuphea lanceolata W. T. Aiton) produce large, showy blossoms with plentiful floral resources (Eberle et al., ; Maurizio, ; Mohr & Jay, ; Thom et al., ). Some specialty oilseeds, such as camelina and pennycress are self‐pollinated, but their flowers are highly visible and produce nectar for pollinators in early spring (Eberle et al., ; Thom et al., ), gaining increased seed set as a result of insect pollination (Groeneveld & Klein, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…× Cuphea lanceolata W. T. Aiton) produce large, showy blossoms with plentiful floral resources (Eberle et al., ; Maurizio, ; Mohr & Jay, ; Thom et al., ). Some specialty oilseeds, such as camelina and pennycress are self‐pollinated, but their flowers are highly visible and produce nectar for pollinators in early spring (Eberle et al., ; Thom et al., ), gaining increased seed set as a result of insect pollination (Groeneveld & Klein, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specialty oilseed crops provide an abundant source of pollen for pollinators and beneficial insects

Thom

Eberle

Forcella

et al. 2017

J Applied Entomology

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The continuing pollinator crisis is due, in part, to the lack of year-round floral resources. In intensive farming regions, such as the Upper Midwest (UMW) of the USA, natural and pastoral vegetation largely has been replaced by annual crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), soyabean (Glycine max L.) and wheat (Triticum spp.). Neither the energy (nectar) nor protein (pollen) needs of pollinating and other beneficial insects are being met sufficiently by the new, high-intensity, agricultural landscape. Several potentially useful oilseed crops can be grown in the UMW, and many of these oilseeds are highly attractive to beneficial insects. Prior research showed that some of these oilseeds produced abundant nectar, but their corresponding values for pollen production are unknown. Accordingly, the aim of our research was to document pollen (and protein) production per unit area of twelve oilseed crops grown in Minnesota and associate these values with levels of beneficial insect visitation during anthesis. Our results show that oilseed crops such as camelina (Camelina sativa L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) produce relatively little pollen (≤40 kg/ha); borage (Borago officinalis L.), calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), crambe (Crambe abyssianica Hochst) and cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. × Cuphea lanceolata W. T. Aiton) produce bountiful pollen resources (50-150 kg/ha); and oilseed echium (Echium plantagineum L.) generates massive amounts of pollen (>400 kg/ha), about 50% of which is protein. Our study is unique in presenting a season-long perspective of pollen production in alternative oilseed crops, a resource valuable to pollen-feeding insects such as managed and wild bees.Diversification of UMW landscapes that includes alternative oilseed crops such as oilseed echium and cuphea can potentially provide a ready source of pollen and protein to help combat pollinator decline. K E Y W O R D SAgroecology, Apis mellifera L., cover crops, hymenoptera, natural enemies, nutrition | INTRODUCTIONThe world is experiencing an unprecedented decline in pollinating insects, including managed species like the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., as well as wild bee species (Potts et al., 2010). Many factors are at play, including habitat loss, disease, parasites, stress and pesticide exposure (Anderson & East, 2008;Brown & Paxton, 2009;Ricketts et al., 2008;Szabo, Colla, Wagner, Gall, & Kerr, 2012;Watanabe, 2008). Loss of habitat due to agricultural intensification and a reduction in plant biodiversity is one of the main contributors to the decline observed in pollinators (Ellis, Evans, & Pettis, 2010;Potts et al., 2010). Diversifying agriculture to include mass-flowering crops which provide essential Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. ). The value of these crops as forage resources to pollinators is limited. Maize and wheat are both wind-pollinated grasses, and do not produce nectar. Although maize pollen...

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Establishing winter annual cover crops by interseeding into Maize and Soybean

Mohammed¹,

Matthees²,

Gesch³

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

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The limited time available for cover crop establishment after maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] harvest is one of the main reasons for low cover crop adoption in the upper Midwest. Therefore, a 2-yr multilocation study was conducted to evaluate winter annual cover crops establishment, their effect on main crop grain yields, and soil water content when interseeded into standing maize and soybean. Treatments were three interseeding dates (broadcasting at R4, R5, and R6 growth stages for maize, and R6, R7, and R8 for soybean) and three cover crops (win-winter rye [Secale cereale L.] plus a no cover crop control). Cover crop establishment and growth varied with interseeding date across locations and seasons for both maize and soybean systems. Averaged over the years, rye produced more green cover and biomass than the oilseeds in spring. However, at the northern-most site, the greatest (40%) green cover was recorded from pennycress and indicates its potential as a cover crop. Seeding date and cover crops did not negatively affect maize or soybean grain yields or soil water content. Generally, cover crop establishment and growth were better in the soybean system than maize due to better light penetration. Further research is needed to develop better suited cultivars and/or agronomic management practices for interseeding into maize. The results of this study indicate that producers could integrate these covers to diversify and add ecosystem services to soybean production practices.Abbreviations: PAR, photosynthetic active radiation; PC, pennycress; PLS, pure live seeds; PPD, plant population density; WC, winter camelina.

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Using pennycress, camelina, and canola cash cover crops to provision pollinators

Cited by 91 publications

References 36 publications

Winter Camelina: Crop Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality Response to Cultivar and Seeding Rate

Winter Camelina: Crop Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality Response to Cultivar and Seeding Rate

Specialty oilseed crops provide an abundant source of pollen for pollinators and beneficial insects

Establishing winter annual cover crops by interseeding into Maize and Soybean

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