Using Osmotic Pumps to Induce the Production of Gametes in Male and Female European Eels

Abstract

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a commercially valued species for aquaculture. Over the past decades, it has experienced a drastic reduction in its natural stocks. Thus, breeding in captivity is considered essential, nowadays, to guarantee the eel aquaculture and to reduce pressure on natural populations. Traditionally, the European eel has been sexually matured by means of weekly hormonal injections, which cause stress to the fish. The purpose of this research study was to assess the use of osmotic pumps as a new method to induce sexual maturation in male and female European eels, without the weekly injection. The control groups were treated with weekly hormone injections (recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin for males and carp pituitary extract for females), and the implanted groups were treated with osmotic pumps (ALZET® osmotic pumps) loaded with the respective hormones. Regarding male European eels, this study shows that the use of controlled release systems was able to induce the maturation and spermiation, but without the necessary capacity to produce enough gametes with acceptable quality parameters that could meet the needs of a commercial eel hatchery. Concerning female European eels, the study demonstrates that the use of osmotic pumps loaded with CPE became an effective method, generating early maturations (4 to 10 weeks) in 50% of the females, so this method could become a viable alternative for eel hatchery procedures.

The Importance of Developing and Standardizing Gamete, Embryo and Larvae Handling in Aquatic Animals

“…For releasing gametes, fish broodstock must be properly matured, and some environmental factors, such as salinity, photoperiod and/or temperature, can stimulate the sperm and oocyte production [8]. In many other cases, these factors are not optimal, and it is necessary to apply short or long hormonal treatments in species with reproductive bottlenecks [9,10]. Once male and female gametes are collected, it is essential to keep their quality using extenders at different ratios [11] and/or adding antibiotics in fertilization trials.…”