“…An extensive list of references on this topic is contained in Merton (1977); amongst these we mention the contribution of Brennan & Schwartz (1976) and Boyle & Schwartz (1977), who analyse the problem of an insurance company's guarantee of a minimum cash value for equity-linked life insurance policies. It is also worth noting that, in 1986, a paper appeared in the Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, exposing the option pricing approach to valuing such maturity guarantees (Beenstock & Brasse, 1986).…”