“…The offering is characterized by educational performance, success rate, external quality assurance, and recognition of informal and nonformal learning and its social dimension ( European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice, 2018 .). It depends on its funding and its capacity for systematic self-organization that needs to be captured from a holistic perspective of the change process, the emerging properties of creating and controlling technological change ( Wotto et al., 2017 ), the institutional-level digital training strategy, leadership ( Ngamau, 2013 ), the technical infrastructure ( Masoumi, 2010 ), and management support ( Mavengere & Ruohonen, 2010 ; Ngamau, 2013 ). It is influenced by institutional, managerial, and ethical factors ( Basak et al., 2016 ), socioeconomic factors ( Van der Wende, 2003 ), cultural factors, the education system and its institutional organization, and the changing role of government policies ( Middlehurst, 2001 ).…”