Using obese-specific charts of height and height velocity for assessment of growth in obese children and adolescents during weight excess reduction

Falorni, A; Galmacci, Gianfranco; Bini, Vittorio; Faraoni, F; Molinari, Daniela; Cabiati, Gabriele; Sanasi, Massimo; Celi, Federica; Stefano, Giuseppina Di; Berioli, Maria Giulia; Contessa, Gioia; Bacosi, ML

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600695

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Their weight and stature were cross-sectionally recorded using procedures as reported elsewhere (Falorni et al, 1998(Falorni et al, , 1999. All females older than 9 y participating to the survey were asked whether or not they had had their menarche.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index in children and adolescents according to age and pubertal stage

et al. 2000

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Objective: To evaluate the dependence of body mass index (BMI) values on pubertal stage in subjects similar in age. Design, subjects and measurements: Height and weight were recorded cross-sectionally in school subjects from three provinces in central Italy. The subjects were subdivided into three groups: (1) 4271 school subjects (2125 males and 2146 females; 8.5 ± 15.5 y old), in whom the pubertal development was also recorded, were selected to subdivide BMI values according to pubertal stage and age; (2) 6345 females (10.5 ± 14.5 y old), who were asked whether or not they had had their ®rst menstrual period, were selected to subdivide BMI values according to age in pre-menarche and post-menarche girls, separately; and (3) 1919 females (10.5 ± 14.5 y old), who had presented their menarche within the previous 6 months, were selected to subdivide short-term postmenarche BMI values according to age. Results: The medians and interquartile ranges of BMI varied according to age and pubertal stage. Kruskall ± Wallis test performed in subjects similar in age demonstrated that signi®cant differences existed among the medians of BMI values of subjects at different pubertal stages in 12 ± 14-y-old males (P`0.05), and in 11 ± 14-yold females (P`0.001). The difference also proved to be signi®cant between stage I and stage II (P`0.05) in 10-y-old females, but not in 10 ± 11-y-old males. The Kruskal ± Wallis test performed in subjects similar in pubertal stage demonstrated that signi®cant differences among the medians of BMI at different ages existed only in females at stages II and III. A signi®cant positive trend was observed in both genders according to pubertal stage for BMI values of subjects similar in age (z-test for trend, P`0.01). On the contrary, a negative age trend proved to be signi®cant in females at stages I (P`0.01), II (P`0.01) and III (P`0.001), but not in males when the subdivision of BMI was made according to age in subjects similar in pubertal stage. BMI values were signi®cantly higher in post-menarche girls as compared to pre-menarche girls similar in age (P`0.001). However, at partial regression analysis BMI values were in¯uenced by pubertal stage and, to a lesser extent, by age, but not by menarcheal status. An inverse association between short-term post-menarche BMI and age was observed, with the highest values in girls presenting menarche at 11 y of age (P`0.05). The negative trend was demonstrated at the z-test for trend (P`0.001). Conclusions: BMI values depend on pubertal degree of maturation, especially in girls. This in¯uence should be taken into account when BMI is evaluated in adolescents.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index in children and adolescents according to age and pubertal stage

et al. 2000

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“…It is assumed that this acceleration is the consequence of high insulin secretion, which is correlated with the height standard deviation score (SDS) [19], and/or adrenal androgens, but the mechanisms are not yet entirely clear. However, during puberty in non-syndromal obesity, growth slows down, the pubertal growth spurt is smoothed, and adult height is within the normal range [19, 20]. …”

Section: Argument 1: Children With Pws Are Short In Contrast To Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There Growth Hormone Deficiency in Prader-Willi Syndrome?

Eiholzer¹,

Bachmann²,

l’Allemand³

2000

Horm Res Paediatr

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Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most frequent form of syndromal obesity. Its main features are associated with hypothalamic dysfunction, which has not yet been comprehensively described. The aim of this review is to present arguments to define the presence of genuine growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) in these patients. Decreasing growth velocity despite the onset of obesity, reduced lean body mass in the presence of adiposity, small hands and feet, relatively low insulin-like growth factor-I and low insulin levels, as well as the dramatic effect of GH treatment on growth, support the presence of hypothalamic GHD in PWS. Even though it might be difficult to ultimately prove GHD in PWS because of the obesity-induced counterregulation, the hormonal situation differs from that in simple obesity. The effects of long-term therapies with GH on body composition in these patients are summarized. GH therapy dramatically changes the phenotype of PWS in childhood: height and weight become normal and there is a sustained impact on the net loss of body fat. We conclude that GHD may account for several features of PWS.

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“…Accelerated growth and bone maturation are observed in prepubertal overweight children and are associated with greater height [1, 2, 3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of Serum Leptin Levels with Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover and with Growth Factors in Normal Weight and Overweight Children

et al. 2004

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Objective: To examine the hypothesis of an influence of leptin on growth factors and on biochemical markers of bone turnover of prepubertal overweight children. Design and Methods: 395 prepubertal children, 6–13 years of age, were selected and the relationships between circulating serum levels of leptin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and some biochemical markers of bone turnover (osteocalcin, OC; carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen, PICP, and carboxyterminal propeptide of type I collagen, ICTP) were analyzed. The subjects were subdivided into normal weight (NW, n = 163) and weight excess (WE, n = 232) subjects. Results and Conclusions: Significant differences between the two groups were found for leptin (p < 0.01), IGF-I (p < 0.01) and IGFBP-3 (p < 0.01), with higher values in WEs, and for OC (p < 0.01) with higher values in NWs. A significant reduction of leptin (p < 0.01) and IGFBP-3 (p < 0.01) serum values and an increase of those of OC (p < 0.01) and PICP (p < 0.05), but not of ICTP, were registered in 103 WEs who showed a drop in weight excess during a weight-excess reduction program. No variations were observed in 26 non-responsive subjects. In a multivariate analysis in which leptin, corrected by BMI and sex, was the independent variable, a significant negative correlation was found with PICP (β = –0.235, p < 0.01), IGF-I (β = –0.180, p < 0.01) and height velocity (β = –0.155, p < 0.01). There was no correlation with OC, ICTP and IGFBP-3. The results demonstrate that nutritional status and leptin levels are involved in the regulation of growth factors and biochemical markers of bone formation.

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Using obese-specific charts of height and height velocity for assessment of growth in obese children and adolescents during weight excess reduction

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Body mass index in children and adolescents according to age and pubertal stage

Body mass index in children and adolescents according to age and pubertal stage

Is There Growth Hormone Deficiency in Prader-Willi Syndrome?

Relationships of Serum Leptin Levels with Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover and with Growth Factors in Normal Weight and Overweight Children

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