Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify and Quantify the Genetic Composition of Resistance-Breaking Commercial Isolates of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus

Alletti, Gianpiero Gueli; J., Sauer, Annette,; Weihrauch, Birgit; Fritsch, Eva; Undorf-Spahn, Karin; Wennmann, Jörg T.; Jehle, Johannes A.

doi:10.3390/v9090250

Cited by 22 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The genetic diversity found in SfMNPV ARG-M (5.3 x 10 -3 iSNV per bp) is similar to previous reports of other baculovirus species (Brito et al 2015(Brito et al , 2018Alletti et al 2017;Zwart et al 2019). Because nonsynonymous variants have the potential to introduce drastic changes on protein structure, we focused much of our analyses on this type of mutation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Genomic Diversity in a Population of Spodoptera frugiperda Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Masson

Fabre

Pidre

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) represents a strong candidate to develop environmental-friendly pesticides against the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a widespread pest that poses a severe threat to different crops around the world. However, little is known regarding the genomic diversity present inside SfMNPV isolates and how it shapes the interactions between virus and host. Here, the genomic diversity present inside an isolate of SfMNPV was explored using high-throughput sequencing for the first time. We identified 704 intrahost single nucleotide variants, from which 184 are nonsynonymous mutations distributed among 82 different coding sequences. We detected several structural variants affecting SfMNPV genome, including two previously reported deletions inside the egt region. A comparative analysis between polymorphisms present in different SfMNPV isolates and our intraisolate diversity data suggests that coding regions with higher genetic diversity are associated with oral infectivity or unknown functions. In this context, through molecular evolution studies we provide evidence of diversifying selection acting on sf29, a putative collagenase which could contribute to the oral infectivity of SfMNPV. Overall, our results contribute to deepen our understanding of the coevolution between SfMNPV and the fall armyworm and will be useful to improve the applicability of this virus as a biological control agent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Genomic Diversity in a Population of Spodoptera frugiperda Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Masson

Fabre

Pidre

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…CpGV-WW killed CpR5M and CpRGO larvae as efficiently as the resistance-breaking CpGV-E2, which has been considered to be the most powerful CpGV isolate so far, capable of breaking all three types of resistance (16,26). On the other hand, the mortality of CpRR1 larvae induced by CpGV-WW was significantly lower than that induced by CpGV-E2 at 7 dpi ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Novel Diversity and Virulence Patterns Found in New Isolates of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus from China

Fan

Wennmann

Wang

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is successfully used worldwide as a biocontrol agent of the codling moth (CM) (Cydia pomonella). The occurrence of CM populations with different modes of resistance against commercial CpGV preparations in Europe, as well as the invasiveness of CM in China, threatening major apple production areas there, requires the development of new control options. Utilizing the naturally occurring genetic diversity of CpGV can improve such control strategies. Here, we report the identification of seven new CpGV isolates that were collected from infected CM larvae in northwest China. Resistance testing using a discriminating CpGV concentration and the determination of the median lethal concentration (LC50) were performed to characterize their levels of virulence against susceptible and resistant CM larvae. The isolates were further screened for the presence of the 2 × 12-bp-repeat insertion in CpGV gene pe38 (open reading frame 24 [ORF24]), which was shown to be the target of type I resistance. It was found that three isolates, CpGV-JQ, -KS1, and -ZY2, could break type I resistance, although delayed mortality was observed in the infection process. All isolates followed the pe38 model of breaking type I resistance, except for CpGV-WW, which harbored the genetic factor but failed to overcome type I resistance. However, CpGV-WW was able to overcome type II and type III resistance. The bioassay results and sequencing data of pe38 support previous findings that pe38 is the major target for type I resistance. The new isolates show some distinct virulence characteristics when infection of different CM strains is considered. IMPORTANCE CpGV is a highly virulent pathogen of the codling moth (CM). It is registered and widely applied as a biocontrol agent in nearly all apple-growing countries worldwide. The emergence of CpGV resistance and the increasing lack of chemical control options require improvements to current control strategies. Natural CpGV isolates, as well as resistance-breaking isolates selected in resistant CM strains, have provided resources for improved resistance-breaking CpGV products. Here, we report novel CpGV isolates collected in China, which have new resistance-breaking capacities and may be an important asset for future application in the biological control of codling moths.

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“…CrpeNPV exhibited high virulence not only for susceptible C. pomonella larvae (CpS) but also, and more importantly, for larvae of CpRR1, CpR5M, and CpRGO, representing C. pomonella strains with all three types of CpGV resistance. Its virulence properties resemble those of resistance-breaking isolate CpGV-E2, which is the only isolate of CpGV that is known to date to be able to overcome type I, II, and III resistance (19) and which is part of the active ingredient currently used in resistance-breaking CpGV products (13). In all full-range bioassay studies conducted, the LC 50 concentrations of CrpeNPV and CpGV-E2 were found to be the same in direct comparisons with all C. pomonella strains, except CpRGO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Whole-genome comparisons between CpGV-M and CpGV isolates breaking type I resistance, such as English isolate CpGV-E2 (genome group B), Iranian isolates CpGV-I12 (genome group D) and CpGV-I07 (genome group C), and Canadian isolate CpGV-S (genome group E), revealed a 24-bp insertion in gene pe38 in CpGV-M, which was demonstrated to be the target of type I resistance (8). Different CpGV isolates breaking type I resistance were tested in laboratory and field trials for their potential usage as biological control agents, and several of them are now registered in Europe and North America (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptophlebia peltastica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Is Highly Infectious to Codling Moth Larvae and Cells

Wennmann

Eigenbrod

Marsberg

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is a cornerstone of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) control in integrated and organic pome fruit production, though different types of resistance to CpGV products have been recorded in codling moth field populations in Europe for several years. Recently, a novel baculovirus named Cryptophlebia peltastica nucleopolyhedrovirus (CrpeNPV) was isolated from a laboratory culture of the litchi moth, Cryptophlebia peltastica, in South Africa. Along with CpGV, it is the third known baculovirus that is infectious to codling moth. In the present study, parameters of infectiveness of CrpeNPV, such as the median lethal concentration and median survival time, were determined for codling moth larvae susceptible or resistant to CpGV. In addition, the permissiveness of a codling moth cell line with respect to infection by CrpeNPV budded virus was demonstrated by infection and gene expression studies designed to investigate the complete replication cycle. Investigations of the high degree of virulence of CrpeNPV for codling moth larvae and cells are of high significant scientific and economic value and may offer new strategies for the biological control of susceptible and resistant populations of codling moth. IMPORTANCE The emergence of codling moth populations resistant to commercially applied isolates of CpGV is posing an imminent threat to organic pome fruit production. Very few CpGV isolates are left that are able to overcome the reported types of resistance, emphasizing the demand for new and highly virulent baculoviruses. Here we report the recently discovered CrpeNPV as highly infectious to all types of resistant codling moth populations with a high speed of killing, making it a promising candidate baculovirus in fighting the spread of resistant codling moth populations.

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Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify and Quantify the Genetic Composition of Resistance-Breaking Commercial Isolates of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Genomic Diversity in a Population of Spodoptera frugiperda Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Genomic Diversity in a Population of Spodoptera frugiperda Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Novel Diversity and Virulence Patterns Found in New Isolates of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus from China

Cryptophlebia peltastica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Is Highly Infectious to Codling Moth Larvae and Cells

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