Using Neuropsychological Process Scores to Identify Subtle Cognitive Decline and Predict Progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment

Thomas, Kelsey R.; Edmonds, Emily C.; Eppig, Joel; Salmon, David P.; Bondi, Mark W.; Initiative, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging

doi:10.3233/jad-180229

Cited by 76 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Indeed, interventions, including novelty exploration, that relatively selectively induce depotentiation can trigger the erasure of newly formed memories or habits (Hayashi-Takagi et al, 2015; Medina, 2018; Ge et al, 2019). Investigating whether patients with early AD have a deficit in memory interference from novel information is a topic worth pursuing (Muecke et al, 2018; Thomas et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-plaque Aß-Mediated Impairment of Synaptic Depotentiation in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloidosis

Klyubin

et al. 2019

Front. Neurosci.

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How endogenously produced soluble amyloid ß-protein (Aß) affects synaptic plasticity in vulnerable circuits should provide insight into early Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology. McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats, modeling Alzheimer’s disease amyloidosis, exhibit an age-dependent soluble Aß-mediated impairment of the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) by 200 Hz conditioning stimulation at apical CA3-to-CA1 synapses. Here, we investigated if synaptic weakening at these synapses in the form of activity-dependent persistent reversal (depotentiation) of LTP is also altered in pre-plaque rats in vivo . In freely behaving transgenic rats strong, 400 Hz, conditioning stimulation induced stable LTP that was NMDA receptor- and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel-dependent. Surprisingly, the ability of novelty exploration to induce depotentiation of 400 Hz-induced LTP was impaired in an Aß-dependent manner in the freely behaving transgenic rats. Moreover, at apical synapses, low frequency conditioning stimulation (1 Hz) did not trigger depotentiation in anaesthetized transgenic rats, with an age-dependence similar to the LTP deficit. In contrast, at basal synapses neither LTP, induced by 100 or 200 Hz, nor novelty exploration-induced depotentiation was impaired in the freely behaving transgenic rats. These findings indicate that activity-dependent weakening, as well as strengthening, is impaired in a synapse- and age-dependent manner in this model of early Alzheimer’s disease amyloidosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-plaque Aß-Mediated Impairment of Synaptic Depotentiation in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloidosis

Klyubin

et al. 2019

Front. Neurosci.

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“…An operational definition of SCD that captures both cognitive and functional decline has been recently proposed [ 68 ]. The analysis of qualitative and strategic aspects of cognitive performance such as process scores analysis, word-list intrusion errors, retroactive interference, and learning slope in SCD patients may increase the sensitivity and the earlier identification of cognitively normal older adults at risk for decline [ 82 ]. These findings suggest that widely accepted operational criteria and an in-depth neuropsychological evaluation may improve the prognostic evaluation of SCD patients.…”

Section: Operational Criteria For Cognitive Frailtymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Redefinition of Cognitive Frailty

Mantovani

Zucchella

Schena

et al. 2020

JAD

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Background: The progressive aging of the population will dramatically increase the burden of dementia related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders in the future. Because of the absence of drugs that can modify the neuropathological substrate of AD, research is focusing on the application of preemptive and disease-modifying strategies in the pre-symptomatic period of the disease. In this perspective, the identification of people with cognitive frailty (CF), i.e., those individuals with higher risk of developing dementia, on solid pathophysiological bases and with clear operational clinical criteria is of paramount importance. Objective/Methods: This hypothesis paper reviews the current definitions of CF, presents and discusses some of their limitations, and proposes a framework for updating and improving the conceptual and operational definition of the CF construct. Results: The potential for reversibility of CF should be supported by the assessment of amyloid, tau, and neuronal damage biomarkers, especially in younger patients. Physical and cognitive components of frailty should be considered as separate entities, instead of part of a single macro-phenotype. CF should not be limited to the geriatric population, because trajectories of amyloid accumulation are supposed to start earlier than 65 years in AD. Operational criteria are needed to standardize assessment of CF. Conclusion: Based on the limitations of current CF definitions, we propose a revised one according to a multidimensional subtyping. This new definition might help stratifying CF patients for future trials to explore new lifestyle interventions or disease-modifying pharmacological strategies for AD and dementia.

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“…Participants were classified as late pre-MCI SCD if they performed >1 SD below the age/sex/education-adjusted mean on two measures across different cognitive domains and were classified as MCI if they had impaired total scores on two measures in the same domain, or one impaired score in each of the three cognitive domains [16]. Furthermore, they also developed three neuropsychological process scores from AVLT, including intrusion errors, learning slope, and retroactive interference [17]. Participants were classified as early pre-MCI SCD if they performed >1 SD below the demographically adjusted mean on two measures across three process scores, or one impaired process score and one impaired total score of three cognitive domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were classified as early pre-MCI SCD if they performed >1 SD below the demographically adjusted mean on two measures across three process scores, or one impaired process score and one impaired total score of three cognitive domains. The converted total Z scores on neuropsychological tests integrated into the MCI criteria [8, 16] and the process Z scores integrated into subtle cognitive decline criteria [16, 17] exhibited significantly improved sensitivity and specificity regarding the identification of MCI, MCI subtypes, and pre-MCI SCD among cognitively normal older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, one of the aims is to develop a normative Z score of the neuropsychological test battery in community-dwelling Chinese elderly, including the memory, executive function, language, processing speed, and attention domains. The other aim of this study is to create objective diagnosis criteria of pre-MCI SCD and MCI in community-dwelling Chinese elderly according to previous reported demographically corrected total Z scores of 6 neuropsychological tests [16, 17], only replaced AVLT with the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demographically Corrected Normative Z Scores on the Neuropsychological Test Battery in Cognitively Normal Older Chinese Adults

Ruan

Xiao²,

Gong

et al. 2020

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: Subjective questionnaires used for the diagnosis of pre-mild cognitive impairment (pre-MCI) and conventional criteria for MCI might mainly result in false-positive diagnostic errors. The integrated criteria based on demographically adjusted total and process Z scores on neuropsychological tests have been validated to be sensitive for measuring pre-MCI, MCI, and MCI subtypes. However, the underrepresentativity of Chinese populations and the complexity in some tests limit the use of the established Z scores in the elderly Chinese population. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a useful Z score calculator to assess individual cognitive performance after adjustment of the scores on each of the neuropsychological tests according to sex, age, and education and to establish preliminary norms for the objective assessment of cognition function in elderly Chinese individuals. Methods: The neuropsychological test battery consists of measures of performance on different cognitive domains, including episodic memory, language, executive function, processing speed, and attention. Data were obtained from 220 clinically cognitively normal Chinese volunteers aged 60 years or older from the cohort of the Shanghai study of health promotion among frail elderly individuals. Regression models were used to investigate the impact of age, education, and sex on test scores. Z scores were estimated for the different scores by subtracting the predicted mean from the raw score and dividing it by the root mean square error term for any given linear regression model. Results: Preliminary analyses indicated that age, sex, or level of education significantly affected test scores. A series of linear regression models was constructed for all instruments, i.e.: the Trail-Making Test A and B, to assess executive function or attention; the Boston Naming Test and animal list generation, to assess language; delayed free correct responses and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) recognition, as well as three process scores, i.e., intrusion errors, learning slope, and retroactive interference, from the HVLT-R, to assess memory, by adjusting for the covariates of age, sex, and level of education concurrently. The Z scores on all neuropsychological tests were estimated based on the corresponding regression coefficients. Conclusions: We constructed a multivariable regression-based normative Z score method for the measurement of cognition among older Chinese individuals in the community. The normative score will be useful for the accurate diagnosis of different subtypes of pre-MCI and MCI after preliminary rapid screening in the community.

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Using Neuropsychological Process Scores to Identify Subtle Cognitive Decline and Predict Progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abstract: Process scores can be integrated into the SCD criteria to allow for increased sensitivity and earlier identification of cognitively normal older adults at risk for decline prior to frank impairment on NP total scores.

Cited by 76 publications

References 32 publications

Pre-plaque Aß-Mediated Impairment of Synaptic Depotentiation in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloidosis

Pre-plaque Aß-Mediated Impairment of Synaptic Depotentiation in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloidosis

Towards a Redefinition of Cognitive Frailty

Demographically Corrected Normative <b><i>Z</i></b> Scores on the Neuropsychological Test Battery in Cognitively Normal Older Chinese Adults

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