Using network analysis to explore factors moderating the implementation of a medication review service in community pharmacy

Pérez-Escamilla, Beatriz; Benrimoj, Shalom I.; Martínez-Mart́inez, Fernando; Gastelurrutia, Miguel Ángel; Varas-Doval, Raquel; Musial-Gabrys, Katarzyna; García-Cárdenas, Victoria

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.12.007

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In fact, a lack of motivation is frequently described as a barrier in the literature [26][27][28], although the presence of motivation in champions of the pharmacy service can be considered a facilitator to overcome challenges when implementing services [29]. Therefore, it is possible that a lack of time is caused by other factors, as shown in another study [30], where a lack of time was "the most critical implementation factor", and it was linked to many factors such as workflow. A previous study [31] categorized the strategies most frequently used to overcome barriers such as a lack of time: adapting the distribution of tasks, adapting the vision/mission, creating a timetable, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors Influencing the Implementation of a New Pharmacist Prescribing Service in Community Pharmacies

Amador-Fernández,

Matthey-de-l’Endroit,

Berger

2023

Pharmacy

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The pharmacist prescribing service was legally permitted in 2019 in Switzerland to face challenges in the health system; however, there has been a lack of implementation. The aims of this study were to identify implementation factors and to evaluate pharmacy association interventions that aim to support implementation. A qualitative study with two methods was carried out: (1) twelve semi-structured interviews with community pharmacists were recorded, transcribed, and a thematic analysis was carried out using the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR); (2) questionnaires were submitted to the six pharmacy associations of French-speaking Switzerland. The main barriers found were non-reimbursement by health insurance companies, medications’ lack of clinical relevance, a negative perception of GPs, and a lack of time. The main facilitators were the availability of service information, pharmacies belonging to chains/groups, a reduction in the medical consultation burden, and the accessibility of pharmacies. Five associations answered, revealing different initiatives supporting implementation, but none of them had strategies at the political level nor communication strategies aimed at patients or GPs. Based on the CFIR, the most frequent implementation factors were highlighted, and this classification facilitates the transposition of the results to other contexts. The results will allow the development of targeted strategies and add the role of the pharmacy associations, which should be considered in future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors Influencing the Implementation of a New Pharmacist Prescribing Service in Community Pharmacies

Amador-Fernández,

Matthey-de-l’Endroit,

Berger

2023

Pharmacy

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“…En el proceso de implantación de un servicio profesional intervienen diferentes factores, conocidos como barreras (moduladores negativos del proceso de implantación) o facilitadores (moduladores positivos) (9,10). Estos factores han sido ya estudiados para la implantación de otros servicios profesionales farmacéuticos asistenciales (SPFA) (11).…”

Section: Estrategias Para La Implantación Del Servicio De Indicación ...unclassified

“…Otra de las estrategias utilizadas en la farmacia fue incentivar los registros realizados mensualmente con propuestas de mejora de manera económica, con días de descanso y actividades acordes al perfil de cada persona (regalo, etc.). Tiempo para la realización del SIF y comunicación del equipo El tiempo disponible para la realización de una nueva tarea es una de las mayores barreras encontradas en el proceso de implantación de una intervención (9). Para ello, se procedió a repartir tareas entre los diferentes miembros del equipo para permitir que los farmacéuticos pudiesen realizar el servicio y registrar en la plataforma.…”

Section: Figura 1 Zonas De Atención Personalizada De La Farmaciaunclassified

Factores y estrategias en la implantación del Servicio de Indicación Farmacéutica en farmacia comunitaria

Ruiz-Lozano,

Crespo-Sánchez,

Amador-Fernández

2023

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Comunitaria. Este artículo está disponible en la url https://www.farmaceuticoscomunitarios.org. Este trabajo está bajo la licencia Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Las imágenes u otro material de terceros en este artículo se incluyen en la licencia Creative Commons del artículo, a menos que se indique lo contrario en la línea de crédito. Si el material no está incluido en la licencia Creative Commons, los usuarios deberán obtener el permiso del titular de la licencia para reproducir el material. Para ver una copia de esta licencia, visite https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES

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“…In the case of community pharmacy, similarly to other health care settings, the implementation of new services is often challenging, with common gaps between the development and evaluation of services and their implementation in routine practice. To assist in bridging this implementation gap, previous research in pharmacy has identified 'external support/ assistance' as a critical factor in the implementation process [5,6]. Similarly, other studies have demonstrated that with proper external support, pharmacists can make important progress towards achieving their implementation goals [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-driven approach for tailoring facilitation strategies to overcome implementation barriers in community pharmacy

et al. 2021

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Background Implementation research has delved into barriers to implementing change and interventions for the implementation of innovation in practice. There remains a gap, however, that fails to connect implementation barriers to the most effective implementation strategies and provide a more tailored approach during implementation. This study aimed to explore barriers for the implementation of professional services in community pharmacies and to predict the effectiveness of facilitation strategies to overcome implementation barriers using machine learning techniques. Methods Six change facilitators facilitated a 2-year change programme aimed at implementing professional services across community pharmacies in Australia. A mixed methods approach was used where barriers were identified by change facilitators during the implementation study. Change facilitators trialled and recorded tailored facilitation strategies delivered to overcome identified barriers. Barriers were coded according to implementation factors derived from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Theoretical Domains Framework. Tailored facilitation strategies were coded into 16 facilitation categories. To predict the effectiveness of these strategies, data mining with random forest was used to provide the highest level of accuracy. A predictive resolution percentage was established for each implementation strategy in relation to the barriers that were resolved by that particular strategy. Results During the 2-year programme, 1131 barriers and facilitation strategies were recorded by change facilitators. The most frequently identified barriers were a ‘lack of ability to plan for change’, ‘lack of internal supporters for the change’, ‘lack of knowledge and experience’, ‘lack of monitoring and feedback’, ‘lack of individual alignment with the change’, ‘undefined change objectives’, ‘lack of objective feedback’ and ‘lack of time’. The random forest algorithm used was able to provide 96.9% prediction accuracy. The strategy category with the highest predicted resolution rate across the most number of implementation barriers was ‘to empower stakeholders to develop objectives and solve problems’. Conclusions Results from this study have provided a better understanding of implementation barriers in community pharmacy and how data-driven approaches can be used to predict the effectiveness of facilitation strategies to overcome implementation barriers. Tailored facilitation strategies such as these can increase the rate of real-time implementation of innovations in healthcare, leading to an industry that can confidently and efficiently adapt to continuous change.

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Using network analysis to explore factors moderating the implementation of a medication review service in community pharmacy

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

Factors Influencing the Implementation of a New Pharmacist Prescribing Service in Community Pharmacies

Factors Influencing the Implementation of a New Pharmacist Prescribing Service in Community Pharmacies

Factores y estrategias en la implantación del Servicio de Indicación Farmacéutica en farmacia comunitaria

Data-driven approach for tailoring facilitation strategies to overcome implementation barriers in community pharmacy

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