Using network analysis to explore the key bridge symptoms between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among survivors 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China

Ma, Zijuan; Zhu, Yuanyuan; Tao, Yanqiang; Yang, Zhaorong; Huang, Sai; Liu, Wenxu; Chen, Yao; Ye, Haoxian; Fan, Fang

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.011

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The between‐subjects and the contemporaneous network results provide preliminary evidence on the structure of PTG and the interplay between different domains of PTG. Consistent with the findings of numerous previous studies suggesting that personal strength and new possibilities are positively related following traumatic events (Adamkovič et al, 2022; Ma et al, 2022; Peters et al, 2021; Prati & Pietrantoni, 2014), results of the between‐subjects network and the contemporaneous network jointly indicated this significant coexisting relation as well. This result echoes the process of strength through suffering indicated by Janoff‐Bulman (2004), which suggested that trauma forces victims to confront their vulnerability and be aware of mortality and the harsh realization that life can end at any time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Previous studies have employed the network analysis approach to investigate the cross‐sectional relationships between items of PTG (Adamkovič et al, 2022; Baník et al, 2022; Battaglia et al, 2021; Bellet et al, 2018; Ma et al, 2022; Peters et al, 2021; Steinberg et al, 2022; Wang et al, 2022). For instance, significant positive correlations have been found between “priority change” and “appreciation of life,” “new interest” and “new path” (Baník et al, 2022), “closeness” and “valuing others” (Peters et al, 2021), “spirituality” and “faith” (Baník et al, 2022; Peters et al, 2021), and “handle difficulties” and “do better things” (Ma et al, 2022; Peters et al, 2021). However, it can be easily seen that most correlations have been found within domains, whereas correlations between domains remain relatively scant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic structure of posttraumatic growth among victims of the 2021 Henan floods: A 6‐month, three‐wave longitudinal study

Gou

2023

Applied Psych Health & Well

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Posttraumatic growth (PTG) following traumatic events is a dynamic and transformational process. However, its dynamic structure is currently unknown. The study aimed to estimate the dynamic structure of PTG at the nuance level based on PTG measurement items using network analysis. A three‐wave longitudinal study was conducted from July 20, 2021, to January 30, 2022, among the victims experiencing the 2021 Henan floods. The final sample (n = 297) completed reports of PTG after 0, 3, and 6 months of the disaster. We employed the graphical vector autoregressive model approach to estimate extended network models. Contemporaneous network results revealed strong positive associations between domains of PTG in the same measurement window, especially between new possibilities and personal strength. Moreover, temporal network results—the internal interplays among PTG items across measurement windows—revealed that the domain of relating to others plays a central role in the dynamics of PTG. Although other domains predicted an increase in relating to others, relating to others inhibited the development of other domains, especially new possibilities and personal strength. Our study identifies the culture‐specific process of PTG and provides empirical evidence on the explanatory models of PTG and the Janus–Face model of PTG.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic structure of posttraumatic growth among victims of the 2021 Henan floods: A 6‐month, three‐wave longitudinal study

Gou

2023

Applied Psych Health & Well

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“…Another possible reason is that data analysis methods limit the knowledge of the relationship between them. The above studies have relied on linear associations between the total scores of PTSSs and the sum scores of PTG and may fail to capture the complex interaction between PTSSs and PTG elements at the symptom level (Ma et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nodes connecting PTSSs and PTG are bridge nodes and are considered to clarify the potential pathways for co‐occurrence, which may identify a target for clinical treatment (Cramer et al, 2010). Ma et al (2022) surveyed 774 adults 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake and found that the key bridge symptoms between them were “stronger religious faith” and “changed priorities” of PTG and “exaggerated startle” of PTSSs. Peters et al (2021) surveyed 362 adults who had lost at least one of their children 5.5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake and found that direct connections between PTSSs and PTG were low in magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among adolescents who experience an earthquake: A repeated longitudinal study

Wang,

Li,

Yuan

et al. 2023

Applied Psych Health & Well

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For adolescents who experience an earthquake, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) often co‐occur. However, no study has yet examined how the interaction between them changes from the short term to the long term after an earthquake. This study conducted six surveys among local adolescents across three waves after the Wenchuan earthquake, and a directed network of PTSS and PTG co‐occurrence was constructed for each wave. It was found that the bridge nodes between PTSSs and PTG were different for each wave. The connection between PTSSs and PTG became loose over time. The incubation effect of PTSSs on PTG was sustained until the middle term but was not observed in the long term. The suppression effect of PTSSs on PTG was only observed in the short term. PTG not only alleviated PTSSs but also exacerbated PTSSs. Finally, the effect of PTSSs on PTG was much stronger than that of PTG on PTSSs. This study suggests that efforts should be made to alleviate specific PTSSs or facilitate specific PTG elements among adolescents for different terms after an earthquake, and PTG is more likely to be an outcome of trauma rather than a strategy for coping with trauma.

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“…Under such perspective, a construct like “PTSD” is neither seen as a latent variable that causes symptoms like “avoidance” or “hyperactivity,” nor as a composite concept constructed out of these symptoms, but rather as a closely connected system of causal relations between the symptoms themselves (Borsboom & Cramer, 2013; Cramer et al, 2010; Schmittmann et al, 2013). To date, several studies have employed cross-sectional network analysis to investigate the structure of components of PTSS/PTSD and PTG (Ma et al, 2022; Peters et al, 2021; Yuan et al, 2021). One study that sampled bereaved adult survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake found two most central symptoms in PTSS ( difficulty concentrating and hypervigilance ) and three in PTG network ( establishing a new path in life , feeling closer to others , and doing better things with life ), but failed to find strong direct connection across those two constructs (Peters et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in Chinese adolescents after tornado: Cross-lagged panel network analysis.

Xie¹,

Huang²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Background: Existing literature has yielded mixed results regarding the relationships between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The recent network analysis provided opportunities to investigate the associations between PTSS and PTG on a more fine-grained level. Previous cross-sectional network analyses were unable to address the directionality of the temporal relationships between components of PTSS and PTG. Therefore, the current study aimed to model cross-lagged network of components of PTSS and PTG with longitudinal data to unveil the direction of their relationships. Method: A sample of 202 adolescents (Mage = 14.36, 38% boys) who survived the Yancheng tornado were assessed with the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) at 9, 12, and 18 months following the tornado. Two cross-lagged panel networks were examined to model the temporal associations between components of PTSS and PTG. Results: The T1–T2 Network was much denser than the T2–T3 Network. The majority of cross-cluster edges were directed from PTSS to PTG. Interestingly, two major components of PTSS, Avoidance and Intrusion shared vastly different relationships with PTG. While Intrusion positively predicted components of PTG, Avoidance exhibited negative predictive value on PTG. Conclusions: The study highlighted the differential relationships that Intrusion and Avoidance shared with the PTG components, suggesting that interventions could benefit from mitigating avoidance and incorporating intrusion into positive change.

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Using network analysis to explore the key bridge symptoms between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among survivors 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Dynamic structure of posttraumatic growth among victims of the 2021 Henan floods: A 6‐month, three‐wave longitudinal study

Dynamic structure of posttraumatic growth among victims of the 2021 Henan floods: A 6‐month, three‐wave longitudinal study

Interaction between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among adolescents who experience an earthquake: A repeated longitudinal study

Posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in Chinese adolescents after tornado: Cross-lagged panel network analysis.

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