Using mobility management to reduce private car use: Results from a natural field experiment in Norway

Tørnblad, Silje Hexeberg; Kallbekken, Steffen; Korneliussen, Kristine; Mideksa, Torben K.

doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.12.005

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A free semester-long public transit pass also reduced car travel for students (Bamberg and Schmidt 2001). The effect of a free month-long pass was found to be effective in increasing public transit use in Copenhagen, even showing persistence after five months (Thøgersen 2009); however a week-long pass was found to be ineffective at reducing vehicle travel in Norway (Tørnblad et al 2014). In the Norwegian case, failure to reduce vehicle use points to the importance of local context since factors such as harsh winters or the availability of parking may influence the effectiveness of interventions.…”

Section: Personal Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring what works: quantifying greenhouse gas emission reductions of behavioural interventions to reduce driving, meat consumption, and household energy use

Wynes

Nicholas

Zhao

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Interventions that promote pro-environmental behaviours are increasingly necessary in reducing use of high-emissions goods and services to meet international climate change targets. Here we assess the greenhouse gas emissions reductions associated with behavioural interventions in three high-emitting domains (personal vehicle use, meat consumption, and household energy use) based on an analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. We examined 40 studies from 1991-2018 involving 886 576 subjects. We found that some of the most robust interventions shown to reduce emissions were financial incentives for personal vehicles, defaults for reduced meat consumption, and feedback for home energy use. We estimate mean annual reductions of 571 kgCO 2 e per vehicle driver for reduced vehicle use, 51 kgCO 2 e per individual for reduced meat consumption, and 149 kgCO 2 e per household for reduced energy use. Despite substantial attention to behavioural interventions in the literature, we find that few studies are suitable for quantifying emissions reductions (N=6 for diet, N=5 for personal vehicles) and few (N=3) are conducted outside OECD countries. Due to this imbalance in the literature, we focus our findings on western economies. We find substantial variation in the emission reductions achieved with different interventions within each domain; interventions in diet ranged from reductions of 231 kgCO 2 e to increases of 116 kgCO 2 e per person per year (both statistically significant). Further, emissions reductions are sensitive to external factors, such as the emissions intensity of the electrical grid, which may change over time. Key gaps in the literature include a lack of studies conducted using randomized controlled trials or follow-ups, and in high-impact areas for emissions reductions including air travel. We highlight promising areas of intervention, such as habit changes to promote mode shifts in personal transportation, which would benefit from an analysis of greenhouse gas emissions reductions in future research.

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Section: Personal Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring what works: quantifying greenhouse gas emission reductions of behavioural interventions to reduce driving, meat consumption, and household energy use

Wynes

Nicholas

Zhao

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An alternative to charging for parking, in terms of transport management policies, might be to provide commuters free passes for public transport, and 71% of after-questionnaire respondents indicated that they would be more likely to take the bus if it were free. However, research suggests that access to free public transport does not decrease car commuting [35], and a quarter of after-questionnaire respondents for whom a bus was available did not know the cost of a bus fare, suggesting that cost did not determine their choice to commute by bus. The University of Waikato began subsidizing bus travel for students in 2017, and future research will report on the effect of these bus subsidies.…”

Section: Bus Commutersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…behavioural reductions in car travel have been observed with introductions of parking charges at workplaces [32][33][34], although published studies have tended to lack either an adequate baseline measure or a control group [35]. Additionally, less research has focused on parking charges on university campuses, and Khattak et al [3] state that the behaviour of university students is under-represented in commuting research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do parking fees affect commuting choices of staff and students on a university campus?

Sargisson¹

2017

Int. J. TDI

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Many initiatives have been implemented in an attempt to reduce traffic congestion and to encourage more sustainable commuting choices, however, rarely has before-after research been undertaken to measure the effect of introduction of such initiatives on commuter attitudes or behaviour. The University of Waikato, New Zealand, introduced parking charges for approximately 14,000 staff and students on their main campus in 2016, but not on a satellite campus in another city. A multimethod approach including questionnaires, naturalistic observation and photo-voice methodologies was used to assess the impact of parking fees on commuting attitudes and behaviour of staff and students. The heavy reliance on car travel was undiminished after the introduction of parking fees. Commuters still arrived by car, but more parked off-campus or became willing to pay parking fees after they were introduced. There was no increase in bus travel or cycling after the introduction of parking fees. Strategies to decrease car commuting to university campuses include higher parking charges, removing any ability to pay in advance for parking, reducing the availability of free parking nearby, subsidizing bus travel for staff and students, improving cycle and pedestrian access and related facilities, promoting the health benefits of active transport, policies that encourage students to spend more time on campus, ensuring that bus schedules align with lecture times and provision of student housing on or near campus.

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“…They found that those who became members through friends' invitations, and those who chose the raffle reward over the fixed reward, shifted more than others. Tørnblad et al [33] implemented a field experiment to test whether information about public transit options, alone or in combination with a small set of free bus tickets, would shift travel choice from cars to buses. Furthermore, those who chose the raffle reward over the fixed reward, shifted more than others from on-peak to off-peak travel.…”

Section: Literature Of Experimental Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Shared Bike Use Behavior under Bounded Rational Theory and Credit Supervision Mechanism

et al. 2018

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As a new travel model, the bike-sharing system (BSS) solves the ‘last kilometer’ problem and has developed rapidly for its convenience. However, many accompanying problems have emerged. In China, parking violation problems—such as severe traffic congestion—are caused by dock-less shared bikes. Furthermore, a large number of shared bikes have to be scrapped early for vandalism. As a special form of public good, bike-sharing also faces the dilemma of negative externalities. Seeking a solution, Mobike has conducted a credit supervision mechanism, which transfers the users’ different behavior to credits for user behavior regulation, but with unsatisfactory results. The goal of the paper is to test the validity of credit supervision mechanism from user’s perspective to regulate the abuse of sharing bike by simulating the use scenario of BSS in real life in a lab experiment based on induced value theory. The behavioral and pre- and post-experiment survey data were thoroughly analyzed. The results show that, within a negative context, the credit supervision system has a more significant effect on inducing proper user behavior, which improves after adding a real-time feedback mechanism. Finally, we provide effective suggestions to policy makers and shared bike companies for inducing positive user behavior.

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Using mobility management to reduce private car use: Results from a natural field experiment in Norway

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Measuring what works: quantifying greenhouse gas emission reductions of behavioural interventions to reduce driving, meat consumption, and household energy use

Measuring what works: quantifying greenhouse gas emission reductions of behavioural interventions to reduce driving, meat consumption, and household energy use

Do parking fees affect commuting choices of staff and students on a university campus?

Experimental Study on Shared Bike Use Behavior under Bounded Rational Theory and Credit Supervision Mechanism

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