Using mixed methods to assess food security and coping strategies: a case study among smallholders in the Andean region

Limon, Georgina; Fournié, Guillaume; Lewis, Elisa G.; Domínguez-Salas, Paula; Leyton-Michovich, Daniela; Gonzales-Gustavson, Eloy; González, Armando E.; Cabezas, Aurelio H.; Pinto, Julio; Rushton, Jonathan; Guitian, Javier

doi:10.1007/s12571-017-0713-z

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, the wide confidence intervals observed in some of the months reflect the variation on the data and the relatively small sample size. Outbreak timing (or another shock situation) has been identified elsewhere as an important factor linked to food stability (Limon et al, 2017)—a food security component that highly depends on the resilience of the household to cope with adverse situations. In contrast to subsistence farmers in other parts of the world, where production diversification is part of farmers’ strategy to deal with variability in production (Ellis, 2000; Randolph et al, 2007), herders in Mongolia rely almost entirely on livestock for food and financial security with very limited options for food substitution (Jamiyan, 2017a), reducing their resilience in the face of high impact disease outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often assumed that by controlling the disease and acquiring the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) ‘free without vaccination’ status, all animal holders (regardless of the production system, size, and access to markets) would benefit, either by increasing their income or increasing availability of animal‐source food (ASF), such as milk and meat, in the household (FAO, 2011; FAO & OIE, 2012). However, the benefits of controlling the disease in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) are complex and not well quantified (Knight‐Jones, McLaws, & Rushton, 2016; Knight‐Jones, Robinson, et al, 2016; Limon et al, 2017). Furthermore, the impact of FMD and consequences of the control programmes on animal holders’ livelihoods and food security is rarely explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio‐economic impact of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease outbreaks and control measures: An analysis of Mongolian outbreaks in 2017

Limon

Ulziibat

Sandag³

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Mongolia is a large landlocked country in Central Asia and has one of the highest per capita livestock ratios in the world. During 2017, reported foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in Mongolia increased considerably, prompting widespread disease control measures. This study estimates the socio‐economic impact of FMD and subsequent control measures on Mongolian herders. The analysis encompassed quantification of the impact on subsistence farmers’ livelihoods and food security and estimation of the national‐level gross losses due to reaction and expenditure during 2017. Data were collected from 112 herders across eight provinces that reported disease. Seventy of these herders had cases of FMD, while 42 did not have FMD in their animals but were within quarantine zones. Overall, 86/112 herders reported not drinking milk for a period of time and 38/112 reduced their meat consumption. Furthermore, 55 herders (49.1%) had to borrow money to buy food, medicines and/or pay bills or bank loans. Among herders with FMD cases, the median attack rate was 31.7%, 3.8% and 0.59% in cattle, sheep and goats, respectively, with important differences across provinces. Herders with clinical cases before the winter had higher odds of reporting a reduction in their meat consumption. National‐level gross losses due to FMD in 2017 were estimated using government data. The estimate of gross economic loss was 18.4 billion Mongolian‐tugriks (US$7.35 million) which equates to approximately 0.65% of the Mongolian GDP. The FMD outbreaks combined with current control measures have negatively impacted herders’ livelihoods (including herders with and without cases of FMD) which are likely to reduce stakeholder advocacy. Possible strategies that could be employed to ameliorate the negative effects of the current control policy were identified. The findings and approach are relevant to other FMD endemic regions aiming to control the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio‐economic impact of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease outbreaks and control measures: An analysis of Mongolian outbreaks in 2017

Limon

Ulziibat

Sandag³

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

Self Cite

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“…This understanding corresponds to the conceptualization of food systems as complex systems (Ericksen 2008) or assemblages (Dwiartama 2014;Dwiartama et al 2016) that are ''heterogeneous over space and time'' (Ericksen 2008: 237) and always characterized by nonlinear dynamics: changes are multicausal, sometimes involving complex feedback loops (see Misselhorn et al 2010;Tendall et al 2015). This conceptualization resonates with the multifaceted and dynamic character of food systems described in empirical studies in mountain regions of the global South (Dame and N€ usser 2011;Gautam and Andersen 2017;Limon et al 2017) and is thus adopted here.…”

Section: Food Systems and Resiliencementioning

confidence: 74%

Changing Food Systems and Their Resilience in the Karakoram Mountains of Northern Pakistan: A Case Study of Nagar

Spies

2018

Mountain Research and Development

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“…The major objectives of this study are to investigate the factors that affect participation in the vegetable business and its food security impacts in the Raya Azebo district. In this case study, both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used, as triangulated (mixed) techniques improve the accuracy of data by allowing for cross-validated findings [69,70]. As the research design gives equal weight to both approaches, the data collection was conducted concurrently.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data generated from the FGDs were analysed using a thematic analysis, which is an inductive approach grounded in the participants' views [69,70]. The thematic analysis provides a flexible and useful research tool that has the potential to provide a rich and detailed yet complex account of the data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Business and Smallholders’ Food Security: Empirical Findings from Northern Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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In Ethiopia, there have been increased efforts to promote market-oriented vegetable production. Given that food security is a crucial issue in Ethiopia, the question is whether market-oriented vegetable production will actually help farmers to become more food secure. Using a mixed methods approach, the present research gathered empirical evidence on the determinants of participation in the vegetable business and its food security impacts in the Raya Azebo district. The Heckman two-stage selection model was used to identify factors affecting participation in the vegetable business and its effects on several food security outcomes. A thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. The results show that a farmer’s participation in the vegetable business increased significantly with adequate household productive resources (e.g., land size and access to irrigation), cooperative memberships and access to extension services. On the other hand, the age of the head of household, the market distance and risk perceptions significantly decreased participation. Additionally, the results indicate participation in the vegetable business results not only in higher food availability and access but also in lower food variety and diet diversity scores. Participation has less of an impact on per capita kilocalorie consumption and child anthropometric measures of food security. The policy implication is that, while Ethiopia is going ahead with inclusive market-driven approaches to food security, alternative mechanisms must be put in place to address the negative impacts and to empower those living in the most vulnerable conditions.

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Using mixed methods to assess food security and coping strategies: a case study among smallholders in the Andean region

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Socio‐economic impact of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease outbreaks and control measures: An analysis of Mongolian outbreaks in 2017

Socio‐economic impact of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease outbreaks and control measures: An analysis of Mongolian outbreaks in 2017

Changing Food Systems and Their Resilience in the Karakoram Mountains of Northern Pakistan: A Case Study of Nagar

Vegetable Business and Smallholders’ Food Security: Empirical Findings from Northern Ethiopia

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