Using Metabolic Theory to Describe Temperature and Thermal Acclimation Effects on Parasitic Infection

Sckrabulis, Jason P.; Altman, Karie A.; Raffel, Thomas R.

doi:10.1086/719409

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…While many theoretical works and some empirical studies support the use of nonlinear averaging and find evidence for Jensen’s inequality, borne out as disproportionate effects of thermal variability on performance, many empirical studies have contested an implicit assumption of nonlinear averaging: that traits should respond instantaneously to change, without acclimation (Bernhardt et al, 2018; Estay et al, 2011; Krichel et al, 2023; Paaijmans et al, 2010; Sinclair et al, 2016). Thermal acclimation through phenotypic plasticity alters thermal performance curves, and as such, produces a more complex relationship between biological rates and temperature that may not be well-characterized by nonlinear averaging (Altman et al, 2016; Schulte et al, 2011; Sckrabulis et al, 2022). With regards to host-parasite interactions, the temperature variability hypothesis posits that owing to their small relative size, parasites should acclimate more quickly than their hosts, though the speed at which various parasites may acclimate remains unclear (Kunze et al, 2022; Raffel et al, 2013; Rohr et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental variability can promote parasite diversity within hosts and transmission among hosts

Jarvis-Cross

Krkošek

2023

Preprint

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While the mechanisms that govern disease emergence and spread among hosts are increasingly well-described, the mechanisms that promote parasite diversity within-hosts, affecting host outcomes and spillover potential, have been comparatively understudied. Furthermore, while attention has been paid to the effects of increasing temperatures on disease systems, the effects of environmental variability have been left underexplored, despite rising climatic variability and internal temperature variability in a prolific reservoir for disease. To investigate the impacts of environmental variability on parasite diversity within-hosts, we analyzed a model of within-host population dynamics wherein two parasites indirectly compete through the host's immune response. We simulated the model under constant, demographically stochastic, environmentally stochastic, and demographically and environmentally stochastic conditions, and analysed the viability and longevity of non-equilibrium parasite co-occurrence. We found that environmental stochasticity increased the viability and longevity of parasite co-occurrence, suggesting that thermal variability arising from climatic change and as a physiological trait may promote parasite diversity within ectotherms and help explain bats' propensity to support diverse communities of parasites. Further, we found that under certain conditions, the transmissibility of co-occurring parasites can surpass the transmissibility of single parasites, suggesting that thermal variability may increase the transmission potential of co-occurring parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental variability can promote parasite diversity within hosts and transmission among hosts

Jarvis-Cross

Krkošek

2023

Preprint

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“…Supporting this hypothesis, amphibians from warm regions have been shown to be more likely to contract Bd under cool conditions, whereas animals from cold regions are more susceptible under warm conditions (Cohen et al, 2019). Climate change and effects of temperature and temperature mismatch were discussed in several presentations (Rohr et al, 2022;Sckrabulis et al, 2022). Sckrabulis et al (2022) used metabolic theory to develop a model for pathogen and host interaction depending on temperature.…”

Section: Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis (Bd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate change and effects of temperature and temperature mismatch were discussed in several presentations (Rohr et al, 2022;Sckrabulis et al, 2022). Sckrabulis et al (2022) used metabolic theory to develop a model for pathogen and host interaction depending on temperature. Temperature affects the ability of Bd to replicate, with differences in optimal temperatures reported for different Bd strains (Stevenson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis (Bd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Report on the First Global Amphibian and Reptile Disease (GARD) Conference 2022

Leineweber

Marschang

2023

Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery

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The first Global Amphibian and Reptile Disease Conference took place 4-10 August 2022 in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. More than 230 professionals from 25 countries on 6 continents discussed the most important pathogens in amphibians and reptiles in a combined in-person and virtual conference that included 8 keynotes, 5 focal talks, 105 oral presentations, and 31 poster presentations as well as 6 workshops and 4 field trips. In total, over 15 pathogens were discussed. The largest number of talks were on chytrid fungi (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans) in amphibians, ranaviruses in amphibians and reptiles, the snake fungus Ophidiomyces ophidiicola, and the emerging pentastomid Raillietiella orientalis.

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Short-term temperature fluctuations increase disease in a Daphnia-parasite infectious disease system

Krichel,

Kirk,

Pencer

et al. 2023

PLoS Biol

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Climate change has profound effects on infectious disease dynamics, yet the impacts of increased short-term temperature fluctuations on disease spread remain poorly understood. We empirically tested the theoretical prediction that short-term thermal fluctuations suppress endemic infection prevalence at the pathogen’s thermal optimum. This prediction follows from a mechanistic disease transmission model analyzed using stochastic simulations of the model parameterized with thermal performance curves (TPCs) from metabolic scaling theory and using nonlinear averaging, which predicts ecological outcomes consistent with Jensen’s inequality (i.e., reduced performance around concave-down portions of a thermal response curve). Experimental observations of replicated epidemics of the microparasite Ordospora colligata in Daphnia magna populations indicate that temperature variability had the opposite effect of our theoretical predictions and instead increase endemic infection prevalence. This positive effect of temperature variability is qualitatively consistent with a published hypothesis that parasites may acclimate more rapidly to fluctuating temperatures than their hosts; however, incorporating hypothetical effects of delayed host acclimation into the mechanistic transmission model did not fully account for the observed pattern. The experimental data indicate that shifts in the distribution of infection burden underlie the positive effect of temperature fluctuations on endemic prevalence. The increase in disease risk associated with climate fluctuations may therefore result from disease processes interacting across scales, particularly within-host dynamics, that are not captured by combining standard transmission models with metabolic scaling theory.

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Using Metabolic Theory to Describe Temperature and Thermal Acclimation Effects on Parasitic Infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 54 publications

Environmental variability can promote parasite diversity within hosts and transmission among hosts

Environmental variability can promote parasite diversity within hosts and transmission among hosts

Report on the First Global Amphibian and Reptile Disease (GARD) Conference 2022

Short-term temperature fluctuations increase disease in a Daphnia-parasite infectious disease system

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