“…The penalty approach has been implemented in three versions: implicit, implicit-explicit and explicit. Previously the implicit-explicit formulation has been commonly used with radial basis functions [3,17,18], because it allowed to avoid solving a non-linear problem, while enforcing a "rather mild" constraint on the time step size, which still led to unnecessary extra calculations in the time integration. This work shows that, if the partition of unity technique is employed, the implicit version should be preferred.…”