Using mental contrasting with implementation intentions to reduce bedtime procrastination: two randomised trials

Valshtein, Timothy Jacob; Oettingen, Gabriele; Gollwitzer, Peter M.

doi:10.1080/08870446.2019.1652753

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This combination ensures that plans address relevant obstacles for the individual. MCII effects were observed in intervention studies targeting stress reduction in medical students (Saddawi-Konefka et al, 2017), reducing meat consumption among university students (Loy et al, 2016), and preventing sleep procrastination (Valshtein et al, 2020), among others. Moreover, a large-scale study demonstrated that MCII can help quitting smoking (Mutter et al, 2020).…”

Section: Translational Impact and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can we master the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic? The role of planning at social levels

Thürmer

Wieber

Gollwitzer

2021

European Review of Social Psychology

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Mastering global challenges such as the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic requires implementing effective responses at various social levels. Leadership teams (governmental, industrial) need to integrate available information to introduce effective regulation and update their decisions as new information becomes available. Groups (families, peers, teams) need to act persistently, even when these actions oppose members' individual short-term interests. Moreover, individuals need to stay calm and act diligently, while dealing with emotions of threat and resisting counterproductive social influence. Our research programme on implementation intentions at social levels suggests that collective if-then plans facilitate goal attainment for teams, groups, and individuals in social contexts. We therefore analyse how if-then planning can help master global human challenges such as the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic.

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Section: Translational Impact and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can we master the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic? The role of planning at social levels

Thürmer

Wieber

Gollwitzer

2021

European Review of Social Psychology

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“…Several other studies have compared MCII to a ‘positive thinking’ condition (e.g. Valshtein et al., 2020). And yet it has been known for at least a decade that indulging in positive thinking does little to enhance commitment or progress (Gollwitzer et al., 2011; Oettingen et al., 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, MCII has helped middle school students (both at risk and not at risk for ADHD) improve their management of school activities (Gawrilow et al., 2013). College students have also benefited in terms of improving time management (Oettingen et al., 2015), increasing study time (Clark et al., 2020), overcoming bedtime procrastination (Valshtein et al., 2020) and managing unhealthy habits (Adriaanse et al., 2010).…”

Section: Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions (Mcii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite some positive results, there are significant limitations in the research. First, most studies of MCII in education have involved college students or postgraduates (Adriaanse et al., 2010; Clark et al., 2020; Kizilcec & Cohen, 2017; Oettingen et al., 2015; Saddawi-Konefka et al., 2017; Valshtein et al., 2020). Many more studies are needed in schools.…”

Section: Limitations In MCII Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing mental contrasting with implementation intentions against solution-focused and autonomous planning

Abdulla

Woods

2021

School Psychology International

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Research suggests that mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) enhances commitment and goal attainment. However, most studies have used limited comparison conditions. The present study compared MCII against two other potentially effective approaches: autonomous planning (AP), and solution-focused planning (SFP). It was thought that condition would have an indirect effect on goal progress by affecting commitment. However, goal attainment expectancy was hypothesised to be a moderator such that MCII has positive effects when expectancy is high but negative effects when expectancy is low. Ninety-eight female students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: 1) MCII, 2) AP, or 3) SFP. All students initially set themselves a goal for the coming week regarding personal projects. Mean commitment and goal progress were marginally higher in the MCII condition than in the AP and SFP conditions but the differences were not statistically significant and (as predicted) much smaller than in previous research. Expectancy did not appear to have a moderating effect. The apparent benefits of MCII were larger relative to AP than to SFP. Results suggest that MCII may sometimes be no more effective than other approaches to goal-setting and planning, particularly if they are evidence-based and carefully-designed. Implications for schools are addressed.

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“…Better understanding exercise procrastination may lead to novel interventions to increase physical activity. One promising intervention approach for dealing with exercise procrastination is the utilization of planning or implementation of intention interventions (Da Silva et al, 2018; Gollwitzer, 1999; Sniehotta et al, 2005; Valshtein et al, 2019). In support of this approach, recent research shows that mental contrasting with implementation intentions can reduce bedtime procrastination (Valshtein et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I’ll work out tomorrow”: The Procrastination in Exercise Scale

Kelly

Walton

2020

J Health Psychol

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Exercise procrastination (i.e. the voluntary delay of intended exercise) represents a novel, reasoned route to self-regulatory failure in physical activity. This study sought to develop and evaluate a scale to measure exercise procrastination and assess its relationship with self-reported physical activity. Two surveys were administered to community samples ( n = 270, 279). In both samples, the Procrastination in Exercise Scale was positively correlated with general procrastination and predicted lower physical activity after controlling for intentions and general procrastination. Exercise procrastination appears to be a common phenomenon, and better understanding its role in physical activity may lead to novel intervention approaches.

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Using mental contrasting with implementation intentions to reduce bedtime procrastination: two randomised trials

Cited by 31 publications

References 69 publications

How can we master the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic? The role of planning at social levels

How can we master the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic? The role of planning at social levels

Comparing mental contrasting with implementation intentions against solution-focused and autonomous planning

“I’ll work out tomorrow”: The Procrastination in Exercise Scale

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