Using magnetotransport to determine the spin splitting in graphite

Schneider, Johannes; Goncharuk, N. A.; Vašek, P.; Svoboda, P.; Výborný, Z.; Smrčka, L.; Орлита, М.; Potemski, M.; Maude, D. K.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.195204

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The 3D nature of the electronic band structure of bulk graphite is thus revealed at significantly lower tilting angles as compared to SdH and dHvA measurements. 38,40 In addition, our results show another difference in the properties of graphite and of multilayer epitaxial graphene, both of which are materials composed of layered graphene sheets and the nature of which is still subject to live discussions. While the response of Bernal-stacked graphite is, as demonstrated in this work, profoundly modified by the in-plane component of the magnetic field, no such effects have been observed for multilayer epitaxial graphene, 19 in which the unique rotational stacking of adjacent layers 49 ensures its dominantly 2D character.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The infrared magnetotransmission technique is thus, perhaps surprisingly, significantly more sensitive to the in-plane component of the magnetic field as compared to other techniques such as SdH or dHvA oscillations, which reveal the 3D character of graphite only for rather high tilting angles. 38,40 To interpret our data, we use the recently developed theory of the graphite band structure subject to a tilted magnetic field, which predicts the lifting of the twofold degeneracy at the H point. 43 This degeneracy, taking origin in the 3D character of graphite (four atoms in a unit cell instead of two for graphene), is an additional one to the valley and spin degeneracies in graphene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared magnetospectroscopy of graphite in tilted fields

et al. 2012

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The electronic structure of Bernal-stacked graphite subjected to tilted magnetic fields has been investigated using infrared magnetotransmission experiments. With the increasing in-plane component of the magnetic field B , we observe significant broadening and partially also splitting of interband inter-Landau-level transitions, which originate at the H point of the graphite Brillouin zone, where the charge carriers behave as massless Dirac fermions. The observed behavior is attributed to the lifting of the twofold degeneracy of Landau levels at the H point-a degeneracy which in graphite complements the standard spin and valley degeneracies typical of graphene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared magnetospectroscopy of graphite in tilted fields

et al. 2012

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“…δg rms appears independent of B || , indicative of only a weak Zeeman splitting for in-plane magnetic fields. Although one possibility is that the g-factor is much smaller in the graphene plane, studies of graphite have shown this parameter to be isotropic [58]. A more likely explanation is an extrinsic, substrate-induced, anisotropy, and we note that a recent study of the spin states of graphene quantum dots also found a much weaker spin splitting for B || [59].…”

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confidence: 85%

Nonergodicity and microscopic symmetry breaking of the conductance fluctuations in disordered mesoscopic graphene

et al. 2012

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We show a dramatic deviation from ergodicity for the conductance fluctuations in graphene. In marked contrast to the ergodicity of dirty metals, fluctuations generated by varying magnetic field are shown to be much smaller than those obtained when sweeping Fermi energy. They also exhibit a strongly anisotropic response to the symmetry-breaking effects of a magnetic field, when applied perpendicular or parallel to the graphene plane. These results reveal a complex picture of quantum interference in graphene, whose description appears more challenging than for conventional mesoscopic systems.

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“…The energy distance between two Landau sub-levels is at least the Zeeman energy, gµ B B (where g=2.5 [25]), as large as 8 meV at 53 T. A three-dimensional solid keeps its continuous spectrum, in spite of such a gap, thanks to z-axis dispersion. However, as soon as the field-induced order opens a new gap, the spectrum of the bulk electrons is no longer continuous and they are not expected to display metallicity.…”

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Two Phase Transitions Induced by a Magnetic Field in Graphite

et al. 2013

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Different instabilities have been speculated for a three-dimensional electron gas confined to its lowest Landau level. The phase transition induced in graphite by a strong magnetic field, and believed to be a Charge Density Wave (CDW), is the only experimentally established case of such instabilities. Studying the magnetoresistance in graphite for the first time up to 80 T, we find that the magnetic field induces two successive phase transitions, consisting of two distinct ordered states each restricted to a finite field window. In both states, an energy gap opens up in the out-ofplane conductivity and coexists with an unexpected in-plane metallicity for a fully gap bulk system. Such peculiar metallicity may arise as a consequence of edge-state transport expected to develop in presence of a bulk gap.Graphite is a compensated semi-metal with a tiny three-dimensional Fermi surface and is described by the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure (SWM) band model [1,2]. A modest magnetic field of 7.5 T perpendicular to the graphene layers confines electrons and holes to their lowest Landau levels (LLs). It is therefore an ideal candidate to explore the nature of the electronic ground state of a three-dimensional electron gas pushed beyond the socalled quantum limit. In this regime [3], the electronic spectrum becomes analogue to a one-dimensional system with a variety of possible instabilities [4][5][6]. In the early eighties, a phase transition in this system was discovered by Tanuma and co-workers who reported a sharp increase in the in-plane magnetoresistance of graphite at B≈25 T [8]. Numerous experimental studies followed [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and confirmed the existence of a field-induced many-body state beyond a temperature-dependent critical magnetic field. Soon after the initial experimental discovery, Yoshioka and Fukuyama (YF) [16] ascribed this instability to a charge-density-wave (CDW). Such an instability is favored by one-dimensionality, because of the availability of a suitable (2k F ) nesting vector. In the original YF scenario, the CDW in adjacent valleys are out of phase, creating a valley density wave state [17], in order to minimize Coloumb energy. In 1998, by further increasing the magnetic field, Yaguchi and Singleton found that the field-induced state is eventually destroyed beyond 53 T [13]. This destruction was attributed to the depopulation of a Landau sub-level within the framework of YF scenario. The possible multiplicity of induced phases and their signatures in the in-plane and out of-plane charge transport remain open questions (for a review see [18]). Therefore, despite a large body of research on graphite at high magnetic field, the nature of its electronic ground state is not settled. In addition, these investigations can * benoit.fauque@espci.fr provide interesting input to the debate on the importance of many-body physics and its evolution with dimensionality in graphene [7].In this letter, we extend the previous measurements up to a magnetic field as strong as 80 T and focus on the contr...

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Using magnetotransport to determine the spin splitting in graphite

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Infrared magnetospectroscopy of graphite in tilted fields

Infrared magnetospectroscopy of graphite in tilted fields

Nonergodicity and microscopic symmetry breaking of the conductance fluctuations in disordered mesoscopic graphene

Two Phase Transitions Induced by a Magnetic Field in Graphite

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