Using longitudinal syndromic surveillance to describe small ruminant health in village production systems in Myanmar

Hanks, Jenny E.; Glanville, Elsa J.; Phyu, Ei Moe; Hlaing, Nandar; Oo, Lwin Naing; Aung, Aung; Oo, Kyaw Naing; Campbell, Angus

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.09.024

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In cattle and small ruminants, 'respiratory' and 'digestive' signs were most common, followed by 'reproductive' signs in small ruminants. Similar observations were made by [16] (Submitted). The reported prevalence of health problems in cattle was lower than in the two other livestock species under study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…62.3% of survey households reared cattle, followed by village chicken (53.3% of 613 households) and small ruminants (49.4% of 613 households). Of the 613 households, 19.6% of households had cattle only, 18.9% of households kept cattle and village chicken, 16.8% of households raised small ruminant only, 15.5% of households raised cattle, small ruminant, and village chicken together, 12.2% of households had village chicken only, 9.2% of households had cattle and small ruminants and 7.8% of households raised small ruminant and village chicken.…”

Section: Ownershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How can we compare multispecies livestock rearing households? – An analysis of the impact of health and production parameters on multispecies livestock rearing outcomes

Win

Campbell

Magalhães

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The Central Dry Zone (CDZ) of Myanmar is a critical region of livestock production. This region supports 10 million people whose livelihoods depend on small-scale, dry-land agriculture, but it is also one of the poorest regions of Myanmar. Little is known about the constraints to animal health in multi-species livestock farms in this region or the relationships between husbandry practices and measures of the success of livestock rearing such as income, and successful health management.Results: In this study, we describe associations between husbandry practices and animal health problems affecting different body systems. We also develop a biosecurity and livestock disease prevention index that can be compared between livestock species, estimate the income generated from livestock production, and identify factors influencing these parameters. Cross-sectional study was used to collect data on livestock production and health from cattle, sheep, goat and village chicken farmers in 40 villages of the CDZ. Survey-design based techniques and F-statistics, ordinal, and binomial regression were used for data analysis. Our results indicate that a significant proportion of farmers’ income in the CDZ comes from crop production (43.2%) and livestock production (23.1%) and the rest of the farmers’ income is derived from trading, supported by other relatives and employment. Our results indicate that animal health management practices, herd/flock size, and experience of farmers contributed significantly to the presence of animal health problems, in particular related to the physical, respiratory and digestive systems. Animal health management was usually conducted in traditional ways. Among different livestock species farms, cattle farms (cattle median BDPI: 45; IQR: 35-55) practised better biosecurity than other livestock species farms (i.e. small ruminant and village chicken farms) (small ruminant and village chicken BDPI: 10; IQR: 0-20). Interestingly, the ownership groups (i.e. rearing singly or multispecies) did not show any impact on biosecurity and disease prevention index of the farms.Conclusions: This study identified good practice households and these findings will be useful for designing intervention trials to improve the production and health outcomes evaluated in this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Ownershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can we compare multispecies livestock rearing households? – An analysis of the impact of health and production parameters on multispecies livestock rearing outcomes

Win

Campbell

Magalhães

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…In cattle and small ruminants, 'respiratory' and 'digestive' signs were most common, followed by 'reproductive' signs in small ruminants. Similar observations were made in two villages of the CDZ, where syndromic health of small ruminants was monitored monthly over a period of 12 months (July 2015 to June 2016) (Hanks, Glanville et al 2018) . The reported prevalence of health problems in cattle was lower than in the two other livestock species under study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Constraints and opportunities to improve livestock production and health, and reduce zoonotic risks in small-scale native chicken, cattle and small ruminant farms in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar

Win¹,

Tu²

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The Central Dry Zone (CDZ) supports 10 million people whose livelihoods depend on dry-land agriculture and small-scale livestock rearing. The CDZ has the highest livestock concentration in Myanmar, but characteristics of livestock production and health in this region have not been evaluated in detail. There is a need to understand the opportunities and limitations and for livestock production in the CDZ in order to develop methods to improve livestock production and disease control, to enhance the financial returns and living standards and, under the one-health paradigm, improve the nutrition and health status of farmers. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to describe husbandry and livestock health management and attitudes of small-scale cattle, small ruminant and village chicken farmers and to explore farmer's behaviours towards the prevention of livestock diseases and the risk of acquiring zoonotic diseases from livestock.Cross-sectional studies were conducted with 613 cattle, sheep and goat and village chicken farmers in 40 villages of the CDZ and with 63 stakeholders associated with livestock trading. Farming practices were compared between different livestock ownership groups and logistic, ordinal and multinomial regression models were used to quantify the association between husbandry practices on livestock rearing outcomes (such as livestock health, biosecurity and income generation). Path analysis and multilevel mixed modelling were applied to identify factors that affect small-scale livestock farmers' decisions to vaccinate their livestock against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Newcastle Disease (ND). In addition, attitudes, beliefs and barriers to the application of recommended zoonotic disease prevention approaches and social networks of livestock movements and trading density were explored to identify their impact on farmer's perceptions on the risk of acquiring zoonotic diseases.Multispecies rearing was a frequent occurrence with 51.7% (95%CI: 42-61%) of farmers rearing more than one livestock species. Rearing animals to be sold as adults for slaughter (meat production) was more common for small ruminants (98.1%) and chickens (99.8%) compared to cattle (69.8%). A substantial proportion of farmers in the CDZ derived their main income from crop production (43.2%), followed by livestock production (23.1%).Patterns of grazing differed between seasons (p<0.05) for cattle, but not for small ruminants.

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“…In Myanmar, a study on village sheep and goats production found that mortality rates were much higher in young animals aged less than 12 months compared to older animals above 12 months (3.0 deaths/100 animals/month and 0.28 deaths/100 animals/month respectively) ( Hanks et al ., 2018 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining livestock mortality indicators: a systematic review

2021

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Background: Livestock mortality impacts farmer livelihoods and household nutrition. Capturing trends in livestock mortality at localised or national levels is essential to planning, monitoring and evaluating interventions and programs aimed at decreasing mortality rates. However, livestock mortality data is disparate, and indicators used have not been standardised. This review aims to assess livestock mortality indicator definitions reported in literature, and define the ages where mortality has greatest impact. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, limited to articles focussed on mortality of cattle, sheep and goats. Peer-reviewed articles in Web of Science until year 2020 were assessed for inclusion of age-based definitions for mortality indicators and data on age distribution of mortality. Indicator definitions for each species were collated and similar terms and age groups most targeted were compared. The cumulative distribution of age at mortality was compared across studies graphically where possible; otherwise, age patterns for mortality were collated. Results: Most studies reported mortality risk rather than rate, and there was little agreement between indicator definitions used in the literature. The most common indicators reported were perinatal and neonatal mortality in cattle, and for perinatal, neonatal and pre-weaning mortality indicators for sheep and goats. Direct comparison of age distribution of mortality was only possible for cattle, which found that approximately 80% of all mortalities within the first 12 months had occurred by six months of age. A significant finding of the study is the variation in age groups for which mortality is reported, which impedes the comparison of mortality risk across studies, particularly for sheep and goats. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance and value of standardising mortality risk indicators for general use, including a young stock mortality risk indicator measuring mortality in the highest risk period of birth to six months of age in cattle, sheep and goats.

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Using longitudinal syndromic surveillance to describe small ruminant health in village production systems in Myanmar

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

How can we compare multispecies livestock rearing households? – An analysis of the impact of health and production parameters on multispecies livestock rearing outcomes

How can we compare multispecies livestock rearing households? – An analysis of the impact of health and production parameters on multispecies livestock rearing outcomes

Constraints and opportunities to improve livestock production and health, and reduce zoonotic risks in small-scale native chicken, cattle and small ruminant farms in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar

Refining livestock mortality indicators: a systematic review

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