Using lizards to evaluate the influence of average abundance on the variance of endoparasites in semiarid areas: dispersion and assemblage structure

Abstract

The distribution of parasites within host populations and communities, and the mechanisms responsible for these patterns, are poorly understood aspects of wildlife parasitology. Here, we evaluate the influence of the average abundance of endoparasite variance, using endoparasites of lizards from the Caatinga domain (semiarid region), north-eastern Brazil. We hypothesized that, due to the high number of generalist endoparasite species, they may occur randomly throughout host populations in an aggregate pattern. In addition, we evaluated the degree to which sample variance is influenced by the average abundance of endoparasite species, patterns of co-occurrence and dominance among endoparasite species and similarities between abundance and the richness of endoparasite infracommunities in several host species. Between September 2015 and February 2016, 2141 lizards (1233 infected) from 16 species were collected from six Caatinga areas. In total, 25,687 endoparasites were collected, which belonged to 13 species including nematodes, pentastomids, cestodes, trematodes and acanthocephalans. Parasite–host associations documented here included 39 newly identified interactions. Endoparasites occurred in a typical aggregate pattern of distribution within their hosts; there was no measurable preference related to the acquisition of hosts by endoparasites. Despite the new records, endoparasites found were commonly associated with lizards in Caatinga environments, which may reflect fauna composed of generalist endoparasite species.

Checklist of parasites associated with ʻreptiles’ in Northeast Brazil

“…References: (1) Teixeira et al (2020); (2) Araújo Filho et al (2020); (3) Teixeira et al (2020, 2021); (4) Araújo Filho et al . (2018); (5) Matias et al (2018); (6) Brito et al (2014a, b); (7) Brito et al (2014b)…”

“…References: (1) Araújo Filho et al (2020); (2) Alcantara et al, 2019); (3) Silva et al (2019b); (4) Carvalho et al (2018); (5) Castro Araújo et al (2020); (6) Bursey et al (2010); (7) Oitaven et al (2019)…”

“…References: (1, 14) Brito et al (2014a, b); (2) Araújo Filho et al (2020); (3) Cabral et al (2018); (4, 13) Teixeira et al (2020); (5) Brito et al (2014b); (6) Anjos et al (2012); (7) Ávila et al (2012); (8) Alcantara et al (2018a), (9) Galdino et al (2014); (10) Maia-Carneiro et al (2018); (11) Araujo Filho et al (2017); (15) Pereira (1935); (16) Konh et al (1973); (17) Vicente (1978), Vicente et al (1993); (18) Silva et al (2021)…”

“…Remarks: Host C. arajara reported in Cabral et al (2018) as Mabuya arajara . Host A. fuscoauratus called Norops fuscoauratus in Araújo Filho et al (2020).…”

“…References: (1) Araújo Filho et al (2020); (2) Lima et al (2017); (3) Teles et al (2016); (4) Teixeira et al (2020); (5) Araujo Filho et al (2017)…”