Using Livestock Guardian Dogs in Balkans

Yılmaz, Orhan; Ertürk, Yakup Erdal; Çoşkun, Füsun; Ertuğrul, Mehmet

doi:10.17707/agricultforest.61.1.21

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The signifi cant deviation (p=0.005) from HWE was observed only for two loci: FHC2054 and PEZ12 (Table 2). Seven alleles were found for FHC2054, with allele 6 showing the highest homozygosity, while PEZ12 was identifi ed as the locus with the most alleles (12). The relatively high frequencies of allele 6 (FHC2054) and allele 4 (PEZ12) in the population of the KSD breed, account for the disequilibrium found at these loci.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The Kangal, the Akbash and the Kars Shepherd dog are native to Turkey and have been grouped into a single dog breed called the Anatolian shepherd dog [12]. However, fi ndings reported by Erdogan et al [13] and Yilmaz et al [12] indicated that these three breeds are characterized by different genetic structures and that generalized grouping of the breeds is unfounded. The Kangal Shepherd Dog (KSD) was recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) as a native Turkish breed in 2018, and was classifi ed in the FCI's Group 2, Section 2.2 under the Standard No 331 [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Microsatellites in Genetic Diversity Assessment, Parentage Testing and Individual Identification of the Kangal Shepherd Dog

et al. 2020

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AbstractThe Kangal Shepherd Dog is considered the most common dog breed of Turkish origin. This study investigated variations in ten autosomal microsatellite markers (PEZ01, PEZ03, PEZ05, PEZ06, PEZ08, PEZ12, PEZ20, FHC2010, FHC2054 and FHC2079) for the purposes of genetic diversity assessment of the Kangal breed. In addition, the use of markers was assessed in parentage testing and individual identification within the Kangal breed. The microsatellite markers were typed in 51 Kangal dogs. The total number of alleles in the study population was 69. The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.9, and varied from four (FHC2079) to 12 (PEZ12). The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.52 (FHC2079) to 0.87 (PEZ12), with the mean value for all loci of 0.717. Power of exclusion (PE) in 10 microsatellites investigated varied between 0.143 (FHC2054) and 0.472 (PEZ08) per locus. In order to determine the efficiency of using microsatellites for individual identification in the Kangal breed, power of discrimination (PD) and matching probability (MP) were calculated for each microsatellite marker. The panel achieved high combined MP (6.77 × 10-10) and high combined PD value of 99.99999%. The obtained results may contribute to further recognition of the Kangal breed, and confirm that the investigated microsatellites enable a reliable parentage testing and individual identification of the breed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Microsatellites in Genetic Diversity Assessment, Parentage Testing and Individual Identification of the Kangal Shepherd Dog

et al. 2020

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“…Bucovina shepherd and Romanian Mioritic shepherd are dog breeds of Romanian originally bred to guard herds of sheep and cattle. The Caucasian shepherd dog is a large guard dog native to countries in the Caucasus region (Yılmaz et al, 2015 ). Ilirian shepherd is a Kosovo‐specific LGD originating from the Balkan region (Jashari et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial morphology of Balkan and West Asian livestock guardian dogs

et al. 2023

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Several large “shepherd” or livestock guardian dog (LGD) breeds were historically selectively bred to protect sheep and goat flocks in the Balkans, Anatolia, and the Caucasus regions. Although these breeds exhibit similar behavior, their morphology is different. Yet, the fine characterization of the phenotypic differences remains to be analyzed. The aim of this study is to characterize cranial morphology in the specific Balkan and West Asian LGD breeds. We use a 3D geometric morphometric in order to assess morphological differences regarding both shape and size between LGD breeds and compare this phenotypic diversity to close relative wild canids. Our results indicate that Balkan and Anatolian LGDs form a distinct cluster within a relatively large dog cranial size and shape diversity. Most LGDs display a cranial morphology that could be described as intermediate to the mastiff breeds and large herding dogs, except for the Romanian Mioritic shepherd which has a more brachycephalic cranium strongly resembling the bully‐type dog cranial morphotype. Although often considered to represent an ancient type of dog, the Balkan–West Asian LGDs are clearly distinguishable from wolves, dingoes, and most other primitive and spitz‐type dogs and this group displays a surprising cranial diversity.

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“…The use of LGDs has been assessed as a conservation strategy in areas including but not limited to Australia (van Bommel & Johnson, 2014), Romania (Ivaşcu & Biro, 2020), the Balkans (Yilmaz, Erdal Ertürk, Coskun, & Ertugrul, 2015), Finland (Otstavel et al, 2009), France (Espuno et al, 2004), Namibia (Marker et al, 2005), Norway (Hansen & Bakken, 1999), South Africa (Rust et al, 2013; Spencer et al, 2020), and the United States (Andelt & Hopper, 2000; Black & Green, 1985; Coppinger et al, 1988; Gehring, VerCauteren, & Landry, 2010; VerCauteren, Lavelle, & Phillips, 2008). However, the need for further research to investigate the efficacy of LGDs in more varied herding systems with a wider range of potential predatory species has been identified (Bauer et al, 2010; Gehring, VerCauteren, & Landry, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of livestock guardian dogs on livestock predation in rural Mongolia

Lieb¹,

Batbaatar²,

Elfström³

et al. 2021

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Much like subsistence farmers the world over, Mongolian herders depend directly on their herds for food, materials, and income. Consequently, any loss of livestock through predation from wild carnivores (including wolves, foxes, snow leopards, and birds of prey) is a major challenge. With a lack of non‐lethal mitigation methods currently available to them, herders in Mongolia frequently manage conflict with predators with retaliatory hunting, negatively impacting populations of wild predators. Livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) are an increasingly popular non‐lethal means worldwide for discouraging livestock predation. However, empirical evaluations of the efficacy of using LGDs in contemporary landscapes are rare throughout Asia. Evaluating these human–wildlife conflict prevention strategies are especially important in areas used to produce globally traded commodities, such as cashmere in the case of Mongolia. We implemented longitudinal structured interview‐based surveys to evaluate the use and effectiveness of LGDs as a conflict mitigation strategy for semi‐nomadic herders in three locations across Mongolia. Sixteen herders in Nomgon, Ömnögovi, Undur‐Ulaan, Arkhangai, Khustain Nuruu National Park area, and Gorkhi Terelj National Park area were surveyed between 2015 and 2019, throughout the process of receiving and training LGDs. Our analysis suggested herders experienced a significant reduction in the annual losses of livestock to predation after receiving LGDs (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, Z = −3.329, p = .001, n = 16), including when accounting for background predation rates. Consequently, we consider LGDs likely to be a viable method for livestock protection alongside the conservation of predators in Mongolia, and potentially elsewhere in Asia. We finish by exploring important considerations should this approach be used more intensively throughout the country and beyond.

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Using Livestock Guardian Dogs in Balkans

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Use of Microsatellites in Genetic Diversity Assessment, Parentage Testing and Individual Identification of the Kangal Shepherd Dog

Use of Microsatellites in Genetic Diversity Assessment, Parentage Testing and Individual Identification of the Kangal Shepherd Dog

Cranial morphology of Balkan and West Asian livestock guardian dogs

Impact of livestock guardian dogs on livestock predation in rural Mongolia

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