Using Linked Data to Annotate and Search Educational Video Resources for Supporting Distance Learning

Abstract

Multimedia educational resources play an important role in education, particularly for distance learning environments. With the rapid growth of the multimedia web, large numbers of educational video resources are increasingly being created by several different organizations. It is crucial to explore, share, reuse, and link these educational resources for better e-learning experiences. Most of the video resources are currently annotated in an isolated way, which means that they lack semantic connections. Thus, providing the facilities for annotating these video resources is highly demanded. These facilities create the semantic connections among video resources and allow their metadata to be understood globally. Adopting Linked Data technology, this paper introduces a video annotation and browser platform with two online tools: Annomation and SugarTube. Annomation enables users to semantically annotate video resources using vocabularies defined in the Linked Data cloud. SugarTube allows users to browse semantically linked educational video resources with enhanced web information from different online resources. In the prototype development, the platform uses existing video resources for the history courses from the Open University (United Kingdom). The result of the initial development demonstrates the benefits of applying Linked Data technology in the aspects of reusability, scalability, and extensibility.

Technology Enhanced Learning: The Role of Ontologies for Feedback in Music Performance

“…A different approach for annotating time-based media on the Semantic Web is discussed in Haslhofer et al (2014), where the annotation of segments of multimedia Web resources is based on Media Fragments 7 . The more expressive approach of using the timeline ontology for defining segments is taken in Yu et al (2012) in the context of video annotation for distance learning. A survey of media annotation tools for semantic media is given in Nixon and Troncy (2014).…”

Semantic Link Network-Based Model for Organizing Multimedia Big Data

“…The rapid increase number of multimedia resources has brought an urgent need to develop intelligent methods to represent and annotate them. Typical applications in which representing and annotating video events include criminal investigation systems [3], video surveillance [4], intrusion detection system [5], video resources browsing and indexing system [6], sport events detection [7], internet of things [8], [9], and many others. These urgent needs have posed challenges for multimedia resources management, and have attracted the research of the multimedia analysis and understanding.…”

NotesKB: Web-Based Semantic Annotation Tool for Online Multimedia Learning Content

“…Also, we tried to include those that are equipped with Semantic Web technologies the best we can; though there are some exceptions. Some of these surveyed projects include SemTube 4 (a prototype that later developed to a semantic annotation tool called Pundit) [35,22,36,46], Annomation/SugarTube 5 (designed in the Knowledge Media Institute (KMI)) [103,46], Hypothes.is 6 , Annotorious 7 (part of the EuropeanaConnect research project, and it used to be called Europeana Connect Annotation Suite [29]) [35,46], 55,17,46] and the Open Video Annotation Project (OVA) 9 [45,16].…”

“…That in turns requires the user to assign the start and end of each annotation, which could consume extra time. As for the incorporation of semantics, in which LOD ontologies can be sourced through various services, users sometimes preferred using one service over another due to its familiarity to the users; as Yu et al [103] found out in the case of DBpedia in comparison to other LOD vendors. Moreover, the input of the ontologies is usually done in a semi-automatic way, in that the tool search for similar ontologies from these services.…”

“…"ontologies") as a basis. Relying on ontologies to produce data would primarily result in populating the Web with information that is machine-readable [10,103,33]. Over the years, a set of principles and practices concerned with creating ontologies and content sharing from various domains has emerged, most notably Linked Data [12,73].…”