Using Laser Altimetry to Finely Map the Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Lunar South Pole Using an Iterative Self-Constrained Adjustment Strategy

Xie, Huan; Liu, Xiaoshuai; Xu, Yusheng; Ye, Zhen; Liu, Shijie; Li, Xin; Li, Binbin; Xu, Qi; Guo, Yalei; Tong, Xiaohua

doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3204765

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, due to the geolocation uncertainty, high-resolution DEMs derived from corrected LOLA data still contain substantial noise. Barker et al [9] and Xie et al [10] proposed an adaptive iteration method to correct the elevation data and compensate for uncertainties. However, iterative correction is very time-consuming.…”

Section: > Replace This Line With Your Manuscript Id Number (Double-c...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a High-Quality Digital Elevation Model of the Amundsen Crater and Landing Area Selection for Future Lunar Missions

Zheng,

Hao,

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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The Amundsen crater is located in the Aitken Basin of the lunar nearside. Its unique location and the possibility of water ice make it a prime landing area for lunar exploration missions. Constructing a high-quality digital elevation model (DEM) and performing a detailed landing site analysis are critical for research and practical applications. However, this region has many permanently shadowed areas, making optical remote sensing observations impractical. The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) has provided the highest quality and largest satellite altimetry dataset, making it ideal for constructing a high-quality DEM. High-resolution DEMs derived from LOLA data contain significant noise due to the geographic uncertainty of laser altimetry data. This paper utilizes an adaptive iteration method and a filtering method for slope detrending to construct a high-quality DEM of the Amundsen area. Various factors are comprehensively analyzed, including slope, illumination conditions, and temperature. The optimal landing location in the Amundsen area is identified (90.716 °E, 84.727 °S). The illumination conditions during the landing of the lunar exploration mission are estimated by calculating the obstruction angle of the optimal landing site and the solar altitude angle from 2023 to 2028. The optimal landing time is in October, providing favorable illumination conditions in the coming months. We calculate the maximum range of the azimuth angles (0°-59.5°and 287.5°-360°) that can receive sufficient sunlight at the designated landing site. Our study provides a novel strategy for selecting the placement of solar panels for lunar exploration instruments.

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Section: > Replace This Line With Your Manuscript Id Number (Double-c...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a High-Quality Digital Elevation Model of the Amundsen Crater and Landing Area Selection for Future Lunar Missions

Zheng,

Hao,

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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“…Therefore, LOLA DEM is also widely used as control data in photogrammetric processing of lunar images (Barker et al, 2015). (Xie et al, 2022;Barker et al, 2023) focused on the PSRs of the LSP, and they targeted and optimized the accuracy of the LOLA DEM to attenuate the streaking problem in these regions. To solve the weak convergence problem of LRO NAC images, (Chen et al, 2024) added a reference DEM to the bundle adjustment model as a terrain constraint, and outliers are eliminated using iterative reweighting, resulting in a large-scale bundle adjustment with a relative positioning accuracy of less than 1 m, and the inter-image inconsistency is reduced to 0.5 pixels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LOLA DEM Assisted Photogrammetric Processing of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter NAC Images for the Lunar South Pole

Liu,

Geng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. Because of its special significance, exploration missions and research at the Lunar South Pole (LSP) are of considerable importance. The mapping products of the LSP such as Digital Ortho Maps (DOMs) and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are essential to support exploration missions. However, in the LSP region, the available data are relatively limited. The large amounts of shadows and the special environment of the LSP has an important impact on both image matching and generation of mapping products. In this paper, we propose a photogrammetric processing method to improve the accuracy of the LRO NAC images by using LOLA DEM as auxiliary control data. The LOLA DEM was first rendered using the same illumination conditions as the corresponding LRO NAC raw images, and then matched to the LRO NAC DOMs. Next, the corresponding elevations of the tie points between LOLA DEMs and LRO NAC images were extracted and automatically added to the control network for bundle adjustment. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, we selected 17 LRO NAC images near the LSP at 85° south latitude. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently acquire uniformly distributed elevation control points for bundle adjustment and the generated DEM has a good consistency with the LOLA DEM.

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“…Recently, the LTD has also been detected by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA). The LOLA has collected over 5.6 billion measurements of surface height with a vertical precision of about 10 cm and an accuracy of about 1 m [11] [4]. Although the combined precision and accuracy of any single LOLA height measurement is larger than the expected tidal signal, with sufficiently large samples it is possible to detect such a tidal signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospect for Measuring Lunar Tidal Deformation and Displacement Love Numbers With Earth-Based Radar

Li,

Ding,

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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Lunar tidal deformation (LTD), characterized by the vertical (𝒉 𝟐 ) and horizontal (𝒍 𝟐 ) displacement Love numbers, is a key to deciphering the interior structure of the Moon. However, the small deformation amplitude of only up to 10 cm makes their measurements very challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel method named Earth-based repeat-pass SAR interferometry (EBRP-InSAR) to measure the LTD and displacement Love numbers. We analyzed the potential and performance of EBRP-InSAR in detail based on LTD model and existing planetary radar capabilities. The error budget and simulation results show that the relative measurement accuracy of LTD could be better than 2 mm. Furthermore, compared with Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) and Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA), the two-pass EBRP-InSAR can not only directly estimate 𝒉 𝟐 but also 𝒍 𝟐 with accuracies better than 𝟏𝟎 −𝟑 and 𝟏𝟎 −𝟒 , respectively, which is comparable that of LLR and LOLA methods. In addition, through long-term time-series observations, it will be possible to assess the spatial inhomogeneity of LTD response to the forcing potential in the near side with time-series EBRP-InSAR. After spatial smoothing, a space variation as small as on the order of 𝟏𝟎 −𝟒 and 𝟏𝟎 −𝟓 in 𝒉 𝟐 and 𝒍 𝟐 , respectively, can be distinguished on the lunar near side. As another measurement technology independent of LLR and LOLA, the EBRP-InSAR is expected to explain the difference between the observations from LLR and LOLA and the modeled lunar interior structure, and firstly estimate the lunar horizontal displacement Love number.

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Using Laser Altimetry to Finely Map the Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Lunar South Pole Using an Iterative Self-Constrained Adjustment Strategy

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Construction of a High-Quality Digital Elevation Model of the Amundsen Crater and Landing Area Selection for Future Lunar Missions

Construction of a High-Quality Digital Elevation Model of the Amundsen Crater and Landing Area Selection for Future Lunar Missions

LOLA DEM Assisted Photogrammetric Processing of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter NAC Images for the Lunar South Pole

Prospect for Measuring Lunar Tidal Deformation and Displacement Love Numbers With Earth-Based Radar

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