Using Judgments in Second Language Acquisition Research

Spinner, Patti; Gass, Susan M.

doi:10.4324/9781315463377

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…These differences are primarily explained by the experience, cognitive abilities and maturity of learners. Children also can experience anxiety and have to expend great efforts in the learning process (Spinner & Gass, 2019). Additionally, if language exposure is insufficient, a child's progress may decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age factor has been a concern of debate in second language acquisition studies for several decades. Researchers have examined different questions -how young and older learners differ in the language learning process, which instructions are the most beneficial for certain age categories, which age category of learners demonstrates the highest success, and others (Aydin & Ozfidan, 2014;Aydin & Koc, 2012;Spinner & Gass, different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Regardless, learners of all ages benefit from interactions with the physical world and people (Zhang, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They benefit from formal settings with clear instructions and explicit rules (K. Hyland & F. Hyland, 2019). Researchers claim that older learners outperform young learners in academic achievement, with the exception of pronunciation (Spinner & Gass, 2019). Adolescents benefit from repetition and memorization, and display relatively low results in public activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It examines three age categories, which are children, adolescents, and adults. Scientists generally mark three age categories of a language learner: children (till puberty), adolescents (after puberty till 19), and adults (after 19) (Hyland, 2019;Spinner & Gass, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Literature-Based Approach on Age Factors in Second Language Acquisition: Children, Adolescents, and Adults

Özfidan¹,

Burlbaw²

2019

IES

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Age is an essential factor in Second Language Acquisition (SLA), impacting the success of students and instructional methods. The purpose of this study is to examine the age factor in SLA by examining three age categories – children, adolescents and adults. In doing so, the study considers the Critical Period Hypothesis as a base of linguistic research in the area of age factor. The study disapproves the assertion of the hypothesis that all prepubescent learners are able to acquire native-like proficiency in target language pronunciation. The study analyzes common SLA beliefs, including: 1) younger learners are more successful than older learners, 2) the language learning processes of younger learners are less stressful and require less of an effort, and 3) young learners are more skillful in language learning. Adolescents and adults are considered as older learners in terms of cognitive maturity. The results of the study indicated that children learn a language easier than adolescents and adults, particularly with respect to pronunciation and morpho syntax. Adolescents are good at syntax and listening sills, while the best results for adults are for reading and writing activities. Thus, the types of brain organization at learners of different developmental stages lead to the need for a diversity of instructional methods for children, adolescents and adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Literature-Based Approach on Age Factors in Second Language Acquisition: Children, Adolescents, and Adults

Özfidan¹,

Burlbaw²

2019

IES

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“…Because the goal of this study was to explore NSs' own accounts of their language use (rather than patterns of actual language behavior) and to what extent consensus among these views allows for the assumption of a shared cultural norm, a questionnaire containing scaled-and open-response items was considered the most suitable method to elicit data. Scaled-response questionnaires are typically used in L2 research to measure pragmatic perception, often involving judgment tasks (see Nguyen, 2019, andSpinner &Gass, 2019, for a review of research in this area). The questionnaire was tested in a pilot study, which led to the addition and refinement of several items (as explained below).…”

Section: Instrument and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture as Non-Consensus: Exploring Coherence Among Native Speakers’ Perceptions of German Expressions of Affection

Fichtner¹

2020

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From early in their learning experience, foreign language (FL) learners at American universities explore socio-cultural connotations that, it is argued, are signified by FL words. Textbook authors and teachers follow an implicit canon of difference, a list of iconic words that over time-and without the benefit of empirical evidence-have come to represent essential differences in outlook between their native and the FL culture (Kubota, 2004). Despite the fast progression of the theory of teaching culture in FL learning (Kramsch, 2015; Risager, 2015), large empirical gaps remain. To date, there is little evidence that native speakers (NSs) of the FL perceive their cultural practices, including the cultural contexts in which language is used, homogenously enough to warrant their status as cultural traits. Using the example of expressions of affection, this exploratory study drew on qualitative and quantitative questionnaire data to investigate whether German NSs' (N=52) accounts of their own and of most fellow Germans' language behavior converged enough to derive a comprehensive and reliable cultural norm. Results indicated a lack of consensus among German NSs' self-reported views, eluding the assumption of a pertinent community-specific norm. Implications for FL teaching and learning, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.

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Input and Interaction in SLA: An Interview with Susan Gass

Sadeghi

2022

Talking About Second Language Acquisition

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Using Judgments in Second Language Acquisition Research

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

A Literature-Based Approach on Age Factors in Second Language Acquisition: Children, Adolescents, and Adults

A Literature-Based Approach on Age Factors in Second Language Acquisition: Children, Adolescents, and Adults

Culture as Non-Consensus: Exploring Coherence Among Native Speakers’ Perceptions of German Expressions of Affection

Input and Interaction in SLA: An Interview with Susan Gass

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