Using Item Response Theory to assess the Flynn Effect in the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 79 Children and Young Adults data

Beaujean, A. Alexander; Osterlind, Steven J.

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2007.10.004

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Researchers also frequently suggested that the phenomenon in question correlates with the quality of nutrition [64][65][66][67][68] and the improvement in medical care [69]. Furthermore, some proposals stated that the phenomenon is caused by genetic factors [70][71][72][73] or simply by an artifact [74][75][76][77].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term change tendencies in correlations between mental, physical, and motor development in children aged 4–14 years from different agglomerations in the Małopolska province

Mleczko¹,

Gradek²,

Nieroda³

et al. 2013

Kinesiology

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Aim of the study. The aim of this study was to assess the scope and direction of long-term change tendencies in indicators of mental, physical, and motor development, and to assess the correlation between the level of non-verbal intelligence and indicators of physical development and between the level of non-verbal intelligence and selected components of physical fitness (measured according to under the health-related fitness convention) among children aged 4-14 years from different social backgrounds in the Małopolska Province. Material. Observed was the level of motor, somatic, and mental development among girls and boys aged 4-14 years between 2005 and 2010 in three different-sized agglomerations in the Małopolska Province: the city of Kraków, the village of Barcice, and the town of Sławków. A total of 1429 children were assessed, including 202 girls and 217 boys from Barcice, 221 girls and 199 boys from Sławków, and 274 girls and 316 boys from Kraków.Methodology. In accordance with the aim of the study, selected indicators of somatic, motor, and mental development among children were compared to the corresponding data for 1975-1980 from the same agglomerations.

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confidence: 99%

Long-term change tendencies in correlations between mental, physical, and motor development in children aged 4–14 years from different agglomerations in the Małopolska province

Mleczko¹,

Gradek²,

Nieroda³

et al. 2013

Kinesiology

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“…The magnitudes of Flynn effects vary among tests, as well as individual test items [73]. This variability gives any Flynn effect a "profile" that can provide a tool to test proposed hypotheses for secular changes.…”

Section: Suggestion 5: Use Iq Subtest Profiles In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volume gains in some regions might enhance cognition, but only up to a point, beyond which increased growth becomes detrimental. The resulting ability changes might enable more individuals to solve the same problems using different strategies, so that the same tests no longer measure the same abilities in the same way ( [73,81,82], and the discussion below). Things are already quite complex and we have yet to consider possible changes in brain laterality, chemistry, growth tempo, sex differences, or the possibility that gains in some regions have come at the expense of other regions.…”

Section: Suggestion 5: Use Iq Subtest Profiles In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fourth complication for profile studies results from findings over the last decade indicating that IQ tests are not necessarily measurement invariant with respect to cohort ( [73,81], but see [83]). The subject of measurement invariance is a complex and still evolving field of research, a full discussion of which is beyond the scope of this paper.…”

Section: Suggestion 5: Use Iq Subtest Profiles In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the specific way in which invariance fails can provide general clues, statistical analysis alone of the item or subtest cannot definitively identify the cause of the failure of measurement invariance; one must still look at the item to identify a plausible reason why it may have failed. As an example, Beaujean and Osterlind [73] found that a substantial number of items on two different IQ tests for children failed to display measurement invariance between cohorts, and that the items for which invariance failed tended to display relatively larger secular gains. However, in discussing their results, the authors state "Of particular note in this research is a need for better understanding of the psychological processes involved in changing item parameters versus changing levels of cognitive ability.…”

Section: Suggestion 5: Use Iq Subtest Profiles In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Future Efforts in Flynn Effect Research: Balancing Reductionism with Holism

Mingroni¹

2014

J. Intell.

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Abstract:After nearly thirty years of concerted effort by many investigators, the cause or causes of the secular gains in IQ test scores, known as the Flynn effect, remain elusive. In this target article, I offer six suggestions as to how we might proceed in our efforts to solve this intractable mystery. The suggestions are as follows: (1) compare parents to children; (2) consider other traits and conditions; (3) compare siblings; (4) conduct more and better intervention programs; (5) use subtest profile data in context; and (6) quantify the potential contribution of heterosis. This last section contains new simulations of the process of heterosis, which provide a plausible scenario whereby rapid secular changes in multiple genetically influenced traits are possible. If there is any theme to the present paper, it is that future study designs should be simpler and more highly focused, coordinating multiple studies on single populations.

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Putting the Patient Back in Clinical Significance: Moderated Nonlinear Factor Analysis for Estimating Clinically Significant Change in Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Saavedra

Morgan‐López

Hien

et al. 2020

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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The present study introduced a modernized approach to Jacobson and Truax's (1991) methods of estimating treatment effects on individual‐level (a) movement from the clinical to the normative range and (b) reliable change on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity. Participants were 450 trauma‐exposed women (M age = 39.2 years, SD = 8.9, range: 18–65 years) who presented to seven geographically diverse community mental health and substance use treatment centers. Data from 53 of these women, none of whom met the criteria for full or subthreshold PTSD, were used to establish the normative range. Using moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) scale scoring, which weights symptoms by their clinical relevance, a significantly larger proportion of participants moved into the normative range for PTSD severity scores and/or exhibited reliable changes after treatment compared to the same individuals’ movement when using symptom counts. Further, approximately 24% of the participants showed discrepant judgments on reliable change indices (RCI) between MNLFA scores and symptom counts, likely due to the false assumption that the standard error of measurement is equal for all levels of underlying PTSD severity when estimating RCIs with symptom counts. An MNLFA approach to estimating underlying PTSD severity can provide clinically meaningful information about individual‐level change without the de facto assumption that PTSD symptoms have equivalent weight. Study implications are discussed with regard to a joint emphasis on (a) measurement models that highlight differential symptom weighting and (b) treatment‐arm differences in individual‐level outcomes rather than the current overemphasis of treatment‐arm differences on group‐averaged trajectories.

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Using Item Response Theory to assess the Flynn Effect in the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 79 Children and Young Adults data

Cited by 47 publications

References 38 publications

Long-term change tendencies in correlations between mental, physical, and motor development in children aged 4–14 years from different agglomerations in the Małopolska province

Long-term change tendencies in correlations between mental, physical, and motor development in children aged 4–14 years from different agglomerations in the Małopolska province

Future Efforts in Flynn Effect Research: Balancing Reductionism with Holism

Putting the Patient Back in Clinical Significance: Moderated Nonlinear Factor Analysis for Estimating Clinically Significant Change in Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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