Using Infrared Spectroscopy to Identify New Amorphous Phases - A Case Study of Carbonato Complex Formed by Mechanochemical Processing

Rojac, Tadej; Šegedin, Primož; Kosec, Marija

doi:10.5772/35794

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Figure 4 depicts the FTIR spectra of all samples in the mid infrared region. A prominent peak at 654 cm -1 can be observed and corresponds to the Ta-O bond thereby confirming the formation of desired perovskite phase compound [23]. The investigated samples also contain the multiple peaks (A-O absorption bands) in the frequency region 1000-1405 cm -1 , which are due to the presence of Na-O vibrations [24,25].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Effect of high-energy ball milling on the electrical properties of NaTaO3 ceramic

Mahto

Roy

Amarnath³

et al. 2016

PAC

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In this work, the effect of high energy milling time on the structural and electrical properties of NaTaO 3 (NT) ceramics synthesized using standard solid-state reaction method was investigated. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the unit cell structure for all samples is orthorhombic (space group: Pnma). FTIR spectra also confirmed the formation of NT without any new phase. The NT ceramics prepared with 10 h milled powder showed the formation of small grain sizes (∼1.2 µm) which is beneficial for dielectric applications in high density integrated devices. The NT ceramics prepared with the 10 h milled powder exhibited superior dielectric properties, i.e. enhancement in ε ′ value (from 290 to 1270) and reduction in tg δ (from 0.59 to 0.23) at 1 kHz compared to the ceramics prepared with the unmilled powder. Impedance analysis indicated the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character with non-Debye type of dielectric relaxation. The correlated barrier hopping model successfully explains the mechanism of charge transport in the present ceramic samples. The values of remnant polarization and coercive field of the poled samples prepared with the unmilled and 10 h milled powders were found to be 0.71 µC/cm 2 and 2.03 kV/cm and 8.74 µC/cm 2 and 4.14 kV/cm, respectively. The field dependent polarization studies at room temperature indicated that NT is a promising lead-free electrostrictive material for industrial applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Effect of high-energy ball milling on the electrical properties of NaTaO3 ceramic

Mahto

Roy

Amarnath³

et al. 2016

PAC

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“…These IR spectroscopic changes have been well documented in the literature for various carbonato complexes and were associated with the lowering of the point-group symmetry of the CO 3 2À ion from D 3h , which is characteristic for the free, non-coordinated, CO 3 2À ion, to C 2v or C s , which are characteristic for coordinated CO 3 2À groups. 296,[299][300][301][302][303][304] The lowering of the symmetry was related to the mechanochemically driven coordination of the CO 3 2À ions to the transition-metal cations (Nb 5+ , Ta 5+ ).…”

Section: Other Oxidic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…296 This intermediate phase formed during milling was referred to as the carbonato complex and was identified in various other alkaline-carbonate (Li, Na, K, Rb)-transitionmetal oxide (V, Nb, Ta) mixtures. [301][302][303][304][305] Note that no symmetry changes were observed if the reagents were activated individually with subsequent mixing in acetone, i.e. the n 3 vibration, shown in Fig.…”

Section: Other Oxidic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: from nanoparticles to technology

et al. 2013

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The aim of this review article on recent developments of mechanochemistry (nowadays established as a part of chemistry) is to provide a comprehensive overview of advances achieved in the field of atomistic processes, phase transformations, simple and multicomponent nanosystems and peculiarities of mechanochemical reactions. Industrial aspects with successful penetration into fields like materials engineering, heterogeneous catalysis and extractive metallurgy are also reviewed. The hallmarks of mechanochemistry include influencing reactivity of solids by the presence of solid-state defects, interphases and relaxation phenomena, enabling processes to take place under non-equilibrium conditions, creating a well-crystallized core of nanoparticles with disordered near-surface shell regions and performing simple dry time-convenient one-step syntheses. Underlying these hallmarks are technological consequences like preparing new nanomaterials with the desired properties or producing these materials in a reproducible way with high yield and under simple and easy operating conditions. The last but not least hallmark is enabling work under environmentally friendly and essentially waste-free conditions (822 references).

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“…This could be attributed to the bending in plane vibrations (υ 4 ) of Li 2 CO 3 . 14 The appearance of this band is explained by the splitting of the υ 4 band observed in other carbonates. The bands located at 631 cm −1 and below are associated with the Al 2 O 3 substrate as the Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…8 A weak band around 1100 cm −1 is also observed due to symmetric stretching vibrations (υ 1 ) that are more observable in Raman spectroscopy. 9,14 The IR spectra of the carbonates show a narrow band around 860 cm −1 representing the bending out of plane (υ 2 ) of the CO 3 2− ion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced features of Li₂CO₃ sputtered thin films induced by thickness and annealing time

et al. 2015

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Li 2 CO 3 sputtered films of 300 nm have been subjected to physical and electrochemical characterization methods to analyze the influence of annealing treatments at 600°C for 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 18 h on the microstructure, surface and conductivity. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been used for this purpose. XRD and FT-IR have illustrated the evolution of the microstructure with annealing time.AFM analysis has shown the growth of new Li 2 CO 3 particles that increases with annealing time presenting a maximum diameter of 16.8 μm without compromising the continuity of the films. EIS measurements have described a fall in the activation energy of the Li 2 CO 3 thin films presenting a minimum around 1.18 eV. The results concerning the activation energy of the films have shown an improvement compared to the results obtained previously for Li 2 CO 3 . These results serve to understand and optimize the behaviour of the Li 2 CO 3 thin films in gas sensors, fuel cells or Li + ion batteries.

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Using Infrared Spectroscopy to Identify New Amorphous Phases - A Case Study of Carbonato Complex Formed by Mechanochemical Processing

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of high-energy ball milling on the electrical properties of NaTaO3 ceramic

Effect of high-energy ball milling on the electrical properties of NaTaO3 ceramic

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: from nanoparticles to technology

Enhanced features of Li₂CO₃ sputtered thin films induced by thickness and annealing time

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Using Infrared Spectroscopy to Identify New Amorphous Phases - A Case Study of Carbonato Complex Formed by Mechanochemical Processing

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of high-energy ball milling on the electrical properties of NaTaO3 ceramic

Effect of high-energy ball milling on the electrical properties of NaTaO3 ceramic

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: from nanoparticles to technology

Enhanced features of Li2CO3 sputtered thin films induced by thickness and annealing time

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Enhanced features of Li₂CO₃ sputtered thin films induced by thickness and annealing time