Using individual differences to build a common core dataset for aviation security studies

Drury, Colin G.; Holness, Karen; Ghylin, Kimberly M.; Green, Brian D.

doi:10.1080/14639220802609887

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…This observation alone should give pause to those for whom vigilance is predominantly identified with the decrement function. However, the essential point to reiterate is that each individual observer adapts, probably as best they can, to the extrinsic mandate to sustain attention and then to the intrinsic limitations of each specific task design (see also Craig, 1978Craig, , 1987Drury, Holness, Ghylin, & Green, 2009;Holland, 1958). When concatenated across groups of observers, a prototypical curve of failure emerges, which reflects the average human capacity to voluntarily adapt to whatever suboptimal task design is foisted on them by the uninspired designer or the fiendishly inventive experimenter.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

In search of vigilance: The problem of iatrogenically created psychological phenomena.

Hancock¹

2013

American Psychologist

162

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To what extent are identified psychological processes created in laboratories? The present work addresses this issue with reference to one particular realm of behavior: vigilance. Specifically, I argue that the classic vigilance decrement function can be viewed more realistically and advantageously as an "invigilant" increment function. Rather than characterizing the transient decrease in detection capability that is evident on exposure to enforced monitoring as a diminishment in capacity, it may be more usefully seen as an appropriate scaling by the designated observer to adapt to the nonoptimal circumstances that he or she is forced to endure. This proposition emphasizes the dynamic response characteristics of the observer and locates the origin of the phenomenon and the onus for practical improvements in the design of operational displays with designers rather than apportioning blame for performance decrements to the operator. This perspective reinforces the recognition of a crucial presence of the necessary but often unrecognized external arbiter in the vigilance paradigm and the extrinsically imposed imperative to sustain attention. Explicit recognition of this fact also helps explain the stress involved with extended vigils. In identifying the traditional vigilance decrement as a form of iatrogenic disease, I argue that modern design of work systems should alleviate the need for either the acute or the chronic expressions of such enforced human monitoring activity. It is possible that the case of vigilance is itself representative of a modern propensity to create new psychological phenomena in the face of human exposure to modern, evolving technical environments.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

In search of vigilance: The problem of iatrogenically created psychological phenomena.

Hancock¹

2013

American Psychologist

162

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“…Several authors have made a cogent case for studying individual differences in personality, motivation, cognitive abilities, and coping strategies in the study of ergonomics problems (Baldwin 2009;Cox-Fuenzalida, Swickert, and Hittner 2004;Cox-Fuenzalida et al 2006;Drury et al 2009;Eysenck 2010;Hancock, Hancock, and Warm 2009;Karwowski 2000;Matthews and Campbell 2009;Szalma 2008;Szalma and Taylor 2011;Szymura 2010;Verhagen 1993). In principle, such knowledge could be used to modify system designs so that individual differences no longer present meaningful variation in performance, to customise designs, and to take advantage of human capabilities and limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in the experience of cognitive workload

Guastello

Shircel

Malon

et al. 2014

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

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This study investigated the roles of four psychosocial variables -anxiety, conscientiousness, emotional intelligence, and Protestant work ethic -on subjective ratings of cognitive workload as measured by the Task Load Index (TLX) and the further connections between the four variables and TLX ratings of task performance. The four variables represented aspects of an underlying construct of elasticity versus rigidity in response to workload. Participants were 141 undergraduates who performed a vigilance task under different speeded conditions while working on a jigsaw puzzle for 90 minutes. Regression analysis showed that anxiety and emotional intelligence were the two variables most proximally related to TLX ratings. TLX ratings contributed to the prediction of performance on the puzzle, but not the vigilance task. Severity error bias was evident in some of the ratings. Although working in pairs improved performance, it also resulted in higher ratings of temporal demand and perceived performance pressure.

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“…Cannot one turn this proposition around and suggest that individual differences are actually an opportunity to be exploited? Drury et al (2009) recognise this opportunity and indicate that successful performance in an inspection task, with particular emphasis on inspection in the domain of security, is dependent on manifest and robust individual differences in inspectors. Despite the prominent presence of these individual differences, any attempt to accurately predict the inspection performance of any one inspector remains problematic, if not impossible.…”

Section: The Nomothetic and The Idiographicmentioning

confidence: 97%