Using hybrid method to evaluate carbon footprint of Xiamen City, China

Study of urban carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) accounting based on the comparable GPC framework: a case of the underdeveloped city, Nanning, China

“…AFOLU emissions were not considered because of their high uncertainties and typically small contributions to total city CEs (Kennedy et al 2010;Bi et al 2011). For example, the share of AFOLU emissions to total city CEs was calculated as only 3.48% in Xiamen city of China (Lin et al 2013). Another reason was that the original data of Nanning city for AFOLU emissions' estimation were also not available over 1994-2015. Emissions from Scope 3 were omitted because enough of the related data were also not available, such as Nanning's energy IO table.…”

“…decreasing the carbon intensity of 17% to below 2010 levels by the year 2015 and 40-45% below 2005 levels by the year 2020 (Cong and Wei 2010;Liu, Liang, et al 2015). Academically, some benchmarks or methods of urban CE accounting (Ramaswami et al 2008;Finnveden et al 2009;Hillman and Ramaswami 2010) that are suitable for Chinese developed cities such as Xiamen and Nanjing have also appeared (Bi et al 2011;Lin et al 2013). However, these methods often cannot be used directly in other cities, especially for underdeveloped cities such as Nanning, because of disparities in the statistical indexes or missing data.…”

Review on Urban GHG Inventory in China

“…Moreover, only the GHG emissions of the agricultural sector decreased, and the GHG emissions per capita in Shanghai was higher than the national and world averages, but the GHG emissions per unit of GDP was higher than the world average, though lower than the national average. Lin et al (2013) estimated the direct and indirect GHG emissions of Xiamen in 2009 with a mixed method, and found out that the GHG emissions of Scope 3 that was overlooked by many researchers may reach 33.84%. It was concluded through a comparison that GHG emissions per capita was only 1/3 of that in Denver, America.…”

“…Quite a few literatures would select the Provincial-level Guidelines or other corresponding studies as the source of the emission factors, since these factors are closer to the practical conditions in China. Seen from the gas types covered, most studies are limited to three basic Zhao et al (2015) Xi 'an 1995 -2011 1207.16 -3934.17 1.86 -4.62 32.99 -7.23 types of GHG, including CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O,except studies on Shenzhen conducted by Tan et al and studies on Xiamen conducted by Lin et al (2013), which cover six types of greenhouse gas. CO 2 takes up a dominant position in the GHG emissions of all cities.…”

From Problems to Potentials—The Urban Energy Transition of Gruž, Dubrovnik

“…The emission is given in t CO 2 -eq corresponding to the quantity of the main greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere i.e., CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O, multiplied by their Global Warming Potentials (GWP), see Table 1. The main references for this procedure are the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Inventories [13], other carbon assessments (such as [14]), some previous experience and case studies. In particular, the monitoring of GHG emissions and impact mitigation scenarios has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool to address choices and hinder global warming and climate change at the regional [15] and urban level [16] or for specific sectors such as urban waste [17].…”