Using HF surface wave radar and the ship Automatic Identification System (AIS) to monitor coastal vessels

Vesecky, J.F.; Laws, K.; Paduan, Jeffery D.

doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5417876

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The HF radar ship detection model is based on previous work by Vesecky et al (2009) and Shearman (1983) [3] [4]. The fundamental expression for the mean ship-echo-power received (P r ) is given by P r = (P t G t G r λ 2 σ L p L s )/(4 π 3 r 4 ),…”

Section: Hf Radar and Ais Ship Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system losses include cable and mismatch losses in as well as propagation across the land-sea boundary. The surface wave propagation losses are from CCIR [3]. Fig.…”

Section: Hf Radar and Ais Ship Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximum reception ranges have been observed to vary between 51 km (on poor days) to over 1,000 km during ideal conditions." The model developed by Vesecky et al [3] is designed to correspond to this experience. An example of AIS ship reporting is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Hf Radar and Ais Ship Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A system trade model for the monitoring of coastal vessels using HF surface wave radar and ship automatic identification systems (AIS)

Vesecky

Laws

Paduan

2010

2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

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Coastal nations have an interest in maritime domain awareness for applications in national security, coastal conservancy, fishery and stewardship of the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) along their coastlines. Using our previously developed HF radar and AIS ship detection models we find signal to noise ratio (SNR) as a function of range, including ducted propagation for the AIS radio signals. We use these SNR estimates to find probability of detection P d and then explore multiple systems and stations at variable spacings along the coast. Our example HF radar has significant power and aperture, similar to the Pisces radar. The AIS model is for high power (12.5 W) AIS and a significantly elevated receiver (≈ 250 ft asl). A combined system of HF radar and AIS shows good capability (P d > 0.9) to ranges of ≈ 125 km for small ships and to 200 km for large ships. Considering a system of sites separated by 100 km we find that a P d of > 0.9 can be maintained to a distance off shore of 130 km even for small, 120 ton, ships.

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Section: Hf Radar and Ais Ship Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system losses include cable and mismatch losses in as well as propagation across the land-sea boundary. The surface wave propagation losses are from CCIR [3]. Fig.…”

Section: Hf Radar and Ais Ship Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A system trade model for the monitoring of coastal vessels using HF surface wave radar and ship automatic identification systems (AIS)

Vesecky

Laws

Paduan

2010

2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

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“…Enhancing awareness of vessel traffic typically involves using or fusing information from different sources (Dekker et al, 2013; Greidanus et al, 2013; Mazzarella et al, 2013; Vachon et al, 2014; Vesecky et al, 2009). Past work has compared S-AIS and LRIT to build this awareness (Carson-Jackson, 2012; Greidanus et al, 2013; Mazzarella et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating Surveillance Options for the Canadian North

Lapinski¹,

Isenor²,

Webb³

2016

J. Navigation

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As part of the overarching research goal to assess current and potential maritime information sources for use in maritime defence and security in the Canadian north, we examine whether wide-area surveillance data, as represented by Space-based Automatic Identification System (S-AIS) data, offers sufficient information for surveillance requirements in the Canadian north. If S-AIS data are not sufficient, we address how the additional information provided by Long-Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) can be used to meet the surveillance requirements. A Systems Tool Kit (STK) simulation scenario is constructed that includes five exactEarth satellites collecting AIS data. Simulated AIS transmitters are positioned at 20 northern Canada ground locations. The results indicate that for each location, two thirds of the eight-day simulation is spent without a satellite within range, when using the five satellites. As the number of satellites decreases, intervals in the range of 80 to 105 minutes, during which there are no AIS messages received, increase in frequency. If the end-user requires vessel location information more often than S-AIS consistently provides, augmenting the S-AIS information with LRIT polling should achieve the desired vessel traffic awareness. K E Y WO R D S 1. AIS.2. Automatic Identification System. 3. Reception. 4. Satellite.

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“…Radio and radar techniques can provide close to continuous vessel monitoring in time and space at low cost. We have presented a ship-monitoring-system model for using HF surface wave radar and receiving stations for the automatic ship identification (AIS) beacons, carried by many vessels [3,4]. This system trade model can provide the basis for the use of these powerful radio and radar techniques in monitoring vessels in coastal waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying ship echoes in CODAR HF radar data: A Kalman filtering approach

Vesecky

Laws

2010

Oceans 2010 MTS/Ieee Seattle

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Coastal nations have an interest in maritime domain awareness for applications in national security, coastal conservancy, fishery and stewardship of the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) along their coastlines. Maritime situational awareness involves knowing the location, speed and bearing of ships and boats in the EEZ. HF radar is a useful tool in providing ship information in real time. It is especially effective when combined with ship-borne AIS beacons. Our previously developed HF radar and AIS ship detection models estimate signal to noise ratio (SNR) as a function of range, including ducted propagation for the AIS radio signals. However, ship detection is hampered by the high variability of HF echoes from ships. This is due in part to the aspect dependence of ship radar cross-section and to the presence of clutter bands at known Doppler shifts from both the ground and ocean waves. Tracking ships using their HF radar echoes becomes the means for effectively monitoring the presence of ships in the coastal ocean. We explore the application of Kalman filtering to the ship tracking problem, following the techniques described by J. V. Candy. This approach is described and demonstrated with a simple example.

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Using HF surface wave radar and the ship Automatic Identification System (AIS) to monitor coastal vessels

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

A system trade model for the monitoring of coastal vessels using HF surface wave radar and ship automatic identification systems (AIS)

A system trade model for the monitoring of coastal vessels using HF surface wave radar and ship automatic identification systems (AIS)

Simulating Surveillance Options for the Canadian North

Identifying ship echoes in CODAR HF radar data: A Kalman filtering approach

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