Using Heatsum Models to Account for Geographic Variation in the Floral Phenology of Two Ericaceous Shrubs

Reader, R. J.

doi:10.2307/2844582

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Since we controlled for photoperiod and moisture, changes in the phenology of V. rossicum were likely solely influenced by temperature in our experiment. This is consistent with data indicating that some plants require the cumulative heatsum (i.e., a sum of daily heat inputs) to reach a certain threshold before flowering occurs (Reader 1983;Vasek and Sauer 1971;Ratchke and Lacey 1985). As such, we anticipate that V. rossicum will take longer to reach that threshold if it can indeed establish and overwinter in field soils from northern Ontario.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The exotic invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum is a strong competitor even outside its current realized climatic temperature range

Sanderson¹,

Antunes²

2013

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Citation: Sanderson LA, Antunes PM (2013) The exotic invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum is a strong competitor even outside its current realized climatic temperature range. NeoBiota 16: 1-16. doi: 10.3897/neobiota.16.4012 Abstract Dog-strangling vine (Vincetoxicum rossicum) is an exotic plant originating from Central and Eastern Europe that is becoming increasingly invasive in southern Ontario, Canada. Once established, it successfully displaces local native plant species but mechanisms behind this plant's high competitive ability are not fully understood. It is unknown whether cooler temperatures will limit the range expansion of V. rossicum, which has demonstrated high tolerance for other environmental variables such as light and soil moisture. Furthermore, if V. rossicum can establish outside its current climatic limit it is unknown whether competition with native species can significantly contribute to reduce fitness and slow down invasion. We conducted an experiment to test the potential of V. rossicum to spread into northern areas of Ontario using a set of growth chambers to simulate southern and northern Ontario climatic temperature regimes. We also tested plant-plant competition by growing V. rossicum in pots with a highly abundant native species, Solidago canadensis, and comparing growth responses to plants grown alone. We found that the fitness of V. rossicum was not affected by the cooler climate despite a delay in reproductive phenology. Growing V. rossicum with S. canadensis caused a significant reduction in seedpod biomass of V. rossicum. However, we did not detect a temperature x competition interaction in spite of evidence for adaptation of S. canadensis to cooler temperature conditions. We conclude that the spread of V. rossicum north within the tested range is unlikely to be limited by climatic temperature but competition with an abundant native species may contribute to slow it down.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The exotic invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum is a strong competitor even outside its current realized climatic temperature range

Sanderson¹,

Antunes²

2013

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“…Photoperiodic control has been reported primarily for short-lived herbs (67,142). Most temperate woody species (151,212,235) and some perennial herbs (266) flower in response to temperature, which usually acts through cumulative heatsums above some threshold level. In seasonal tropical forests, flowering is often induced by rainfall (8,16,73,115,186).…”

Section: Environmental Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some species show ecotypic variation in flowering (112,143), but the influence of interspecific interactions is unknown. However, the ability to predict flowering times in many temperate woody species over wide latitudes using cumulative day-degrees (212,235,266) suggests that local interspecific interactions have not influenced flowering times. Anomalous populations should be sought and examined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants

Rathcke¹,

Lacey²

1985

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

1,293

680

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The term phenology is derived from the Greek word phaino meaning to show or to appear. Hence, phenology is defined as the study of the seasonal timing of life cycle events. For plants the seasonal timing of such events can be critical to survival and reproduction. In agriculture the most common failure of introduced crops is the inability to adjust to the seasons imposed by the new, environment (68). In the past few years, interest in the ecology and evolution of timing of life cycle events has grown. Here we review the literature on phenological patterns of germination, flowering, and fruiting (including dispersal).The phenological pattern of any life cycle event can be quantitatively defined as a statistical distribution characterized by such parameters as time of occurrence (onset, mean, mode), duration (range), synchrony (variance), and skewness. For each life cycle event we discuss each parameter for which data are available. Because parameters at one level can contribute to parameters at higher levels, parameters are sometimes related. For example, the degree of synchrony within and among individuals can determine duration at the population level. Therefore, we discuss phenological patterns at the levels of individuals, populations, species, and communities. Also, we use the word phenology in its strict sense of seasonal timing within years; and we address variation among years only when it pertains to the discussion of within-year patterns.The purpose of this review is to present hypotheses about possible evolutionary causes and consequences of different phenological patterns and to discuss the evidence for each hypothesis. We also briefly summarize information about the environmental and genetic controls of timing because these are the proximate factors that can influence the evolution of phenological patterns. We divide our review into four sections. The first three address germination, flowering, and fruiting separately. Each section covers possible selective factors, proximate environmental cues, and genetic determinants of different phenological parameters. The last section focuses on the relationships of germination, flowering, and fruiting, to the whole life cycle of the plant. Here we address possible ecological and evolutionary constraints that may direct the evolution of all life cycle events.Space prevents an exhaustive literature review, particularly of descriptive studies, so we mention representative studies and reviews that provide the reader access to additional literature. We do not address phenological patterns of leaf production (43,146) or the specific methodologies for collecting and analyzing phenological data (151, 194, 20 1). GERMINATIONThe seedling stage is the most vulnerable time in the life cycle of a plant (10 1). Mortality is often severe because small seedlings have minimal capacity for homeostatic responses or physiological retrenchment in the face of unfavorable abiotic or biotic conditions (10). Therefore, the timing of germination should be under strong selection to occu...

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“…The models were used to derive important characteristics of seasonal soil temperature including the number of days when soil temperature was above 10 uC, maximum predicted temperature, and heatsum. Heatsum is the sum of daily temperatures (degree days) above 10 uC (Reader, 1983). Soil water potential and temperature curves for each sensor can be found in Aho (2006).…”

Section: Soil Water and Temperature Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpine Nodal Ecology and Ecosystem Evolution in the North-Central Rockies (Mount Washburn; Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming)

Aho

Weaver

2010

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Using Heatsum Models to Account for Geographic Variation in the Floral Phenology of Two Ericaceous Shrubs

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

The exotic invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum is a strong competitor even outside its current realized climatic temperature range

The exotic invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum is a strong competitor even outside its current realized climatic temperature range

Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants

Alpine Nodal Ecology and Ecosystem Evolution in the North-Central Rockies (Mount Washburn; Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming)

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