Using Heart Rate and Accelerometry to Define Quantity and Intensity of Physical Activity in Older Adults

Schrack, Jennifer A.; Leroux, Andrew; Fleg, Jerome L.; Zipunnikov, Vadim; Simonsick, Eleanor M.; Studenski, Stephanie A.; Crainiceanu, Ciprian M.; Ferrucci, Luigi

doi:10.1093/gerona/gly029

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Days with more than 8% of the day missing (more than 120 minutes per day) were excluded, and a minimum of 4 days of valid wear was required for inclusion in the analysis . For Actiheart, time spent in MVPA was defined using the heart rate data and the Karvonen formula for heart rate reserve to define intensity of movement . For Actigraph, population‐specific cut points for MVPA were estimated by: (1) calculating the correlation between Actiheart‐derived MVPA and measured maximal aerobic fitness VO2 max ( r = 0.3), (2) testing Actigraph data cut points, ranging from 3890 CPM (80th percentile) to 9120 CPM (99th percentile) for correlation with VO2 max , and (3) identifying a cut point of 4500 CPM to most closely correspond with the correlation between Actiheart and VO2 max ( r = 0.3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity Is Associated With Higher Muscle Oxidative Capacity in Older Adults

Adelnia

Urbanek

Osawa

et al. 2019

J American Geriatrics Society

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BACKGROUND Age‐related decline in muscle oxidative capacity reduces muscle function and physical performance, leading to disability and frailty. Whether age‐related decline in oxidative capacity is modified by exercise and other lifestyle practices is unclear. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that physical activity is associated with better oxidative capacity, independent of age. DESIGN Cross‐sectional study performed in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, conducted by the Intramural Research Program (IRP) of the National Institute on Aging (NIA). SETTING NIA IRP Clinical Research Unit, Baltimore, MD. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 384 adults (54.7% women), aged 22 to 92 years, seen between 2013 and 2017. MEASUREMENTS Muscle oxidative capacity was measured in vivo using phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We determined the postexercise time constant (τPCr; in seconds) for phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery, with lower values of τPCr, (ie, more rapid recovery of PCr levels after exercise) reflecting greater oxidative capacity. Time spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using wearable accelerometers that participants wore 5.9 ± 0.9 consecutive days in the free‐living environment. RESULTS In linear regression models, higher τPCr was associated with older age (standardized β = .39; P < .001) after adjusting for sex, race, height, and weight. After including MVPA as an independent variable, the standardized regression coefficient of age decreased by 40%, but remained associated with τPCr (βage = .22; P < .001) and had a smaller standardized regression coefficient than MVPA (βMVPA = −.33; P < .001). After adjusting for health status, education, and smoking history, the standardized regression coefficient for age decreased 12% (βage = .20; P = .003), while the standardized coefficient for MVPA decreased only 3% (βMVPA = −.32; P < .001). CONCLUSION Study findings suggest that MVPA is strongly associated with muscle oxidative capacity, independent of age, providing mechanistic insights into the health benefits of exercise in older age. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1695–1699, 2019

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity Is Associated With Higher Muscle Oxidative Capacity in Older Adults

Adelnia

Urbanek

Osawa

et al. 2019

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…(50, 51) Therefore, PA performed at a lower accelerometer count threshold, may be more appropriate to determine the proportion of older adults meeting PA MET requirements. (12,52,53) This is an active area of research and other groups are exploring different cutpoints, (35) but for the current study we chose to keep a consistent MVPA count threshold across all age groups to test associations related to different intensities of movement rather than modifying cutpoints that would define MVPA for each age…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective physical activity and physical performance in middle-aged and older adults

Lyass

Larson

Tran

et al. 2019

Experimental Gerontology

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Background: Older adults may have difficulty meeting the Physical Activity (PA) Guidelines. A favorable balance between PA and sedentary time (SED) is an important determinant of physical performance in older adults. Our objective was to explore associations of PA/SED with physical performance across mid-older age in adults without overt mobility disability. Methods: Framingham Offspring Study participants free of mobility disability with accelerometry and physical performance data (gait speed, chair stand time, and handgrip strength), were studied in cross-sectional analysis (n=1352). We regressed physical performance on PA level, measured using steps, moderate to vigorous (MV)PA and SED. We stratified by age groups, adjusted for covariates, and modelled MVPA and SED separately and together as predictors. Results: Only 38% of adults 50-64 years and 15% of adults ≥75 years met the PA Guidelines (i.e., 150 minutes MVPA per week). Individuals achieving at least 5 minutes/day of MVPA had 0.062±0.013 m/s greater gait speed and better chair stands and handgrip strength (in women) than those with <5 minutes/day of MVPA (p<0.01) across mid-older age. SED was associated with poorer performance on gait speed and chair stand tests, but results were not significant after adjusting for MVPA (p>0.05). For adults ≥75 years, every 5000 more steps/day related to ~0.045 m/s greater gait speed (p=0.006). Conclusion: Our cross-sectional study demonstrated that, across mid-older adulthood, MVPA related to better physical performance, but in adults ≥75 years, total steps walked associated with better gait speed. These data warrant future research on the impact of PA on physical performance and health outcomes in older age.

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“…Because the distribution of total activity counts per day is right-skewed at higher intensities, total PA volume was log-transformed (log-transformed total activity counts [LTAC]). To calculate activity fragmentation, an active-to-sedentary transition probability was calculated as the number of PA bouts (consecutive minutes registering >10 counts per minute) 17 divided by the total sum of minutes spent in PA. Higher activity Cancer December 15, 2018 fragmentation (eg, a higher score) represents more interruptions in activity performed throughout the day, translating to shorter activity bouts and more sedentary time. Both total volume and activity fragmentation also were treated as categorical variables by dichotomizing each variable at their respective median values to derive "high" and "low" groups.…”

Section: Accelerometer Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting characteristics of daily physical activity in older adults by cancer history

Wanigatunga

Gresham

Kuo

et al. 2018

Cancer

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Introduction: Using objectively-collected physical activity (PA) data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we tested whether patterns of daily activity and sedentary time differed by cancer survivorship in older adults. Methods: 659 participants (mean age 71 ± 10 years, 51% women) were instructed to wear an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and had self-reported information on cancer history. Accelerometer data were summarized into: 1) PA volume and 2) activity fragmentation (interrupted activity), both expressed as continuous and as dichotomized (low and high) variables. Participants were categorized into four groups by cross-classification of dichotomous PA volume and fragmentation. Multiple regression models were used to estimate differences in PA patterns by cancer history. Results: Cancer survivors averaged 0.12 (SE=0.05, p=0.02) fewer log-transformed activity counts per day than those reporting no cancer history after adjusting for demographics, behavioral factors, and comorbidities. Although fragmentation did not differ by cancer survivorship in the continuous model (p=0.13), cancer survivorship was associated with a 77% (odds ratio (OR): 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–2.82) higher odds of having high (versus low) fragmentation and a 94% (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.13–3.33) higher odds of having combined low PA/high fragmentation (versus high PA/low fragmentation) relative to no cancer history. Discussion: Findings suggest that cancer survivors engage in lower total daily PA and that this activity is performed in a more fragmented manner. These results may reflect the onset and progression of a low activity phenotype that is more vulnerable to heightened levels of fatigue and functional decline with aging.

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Using Heart Rate and Accelerometry to Define Quantity and Intensity of Physical Activity in Older Adults

Cited by 53 publications

References 45 publications

Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity Is Associated With Higher Muscle Oxidative Capacity in Older Adults

Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity Is Associated With Higher Muscle Oxidative Capacity in Older Adults

Objective physical activity and physical performance in middle-aged and older adults

Contrasting characteristics of daily physical activity in older adults by cancer history

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