“…They also shape pedagogical choices, where specific courses are developed to meet needs for industrial competitiveness (Dutson, Todd, Magleby, & Sorensen, 1997;Todd, Sorensen, & Magleby, 1993). One industry-based Council on Competitiveness once concluded with pronouncements for education such as: "We can only obtain a long-term competitive advantage by learning faster than the rest of the world" and "Product development is the next competitive battle ground" (Frey, Smith, & Bellinger, 2000). Re-thinking Engineering Education (Crawley, Malmqvist, Östlund, & Brodeur, 2014), a prominent agenda-setting document, seems also to use language which elides industrial competitiveness and authenticity with pedagogical structured competition "Courses based on competitions have aspects of designbuild-compete."…”