Using ground‐penetrating radar to investigate the internal structure of Puente del Inca, Mendoza, Argentina

Lannutti, Esteban; Lenzano, María Gabriela; Baron, J. Gregory; Lenzano, Luis

doi:10.3997/1873-0604.2017004

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The validation of the ground penetrating radar results was carried out by measuring the complex permittivity and the electrical conductivity of hot spring water with a Hydra Probe (50-MHz) soil dielectric sensor (Seyfried and Murdock, 2004) to determine the attenuation and the velocity of the medium. For further details about this section, see Lannutti et al (2017).…”

Section: Visual Inspection and Hydrothermal Flow Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the primary control of the electromagnetic signal in the geothermal environment of PI is driven by the thermal water from FCC. This condition masks the detection of changes in the properties of the materials constituting the structure (see Lannutti et al, 2017). In this sense, GPR did not provide information that could contribute to the development of a more precise structural numerical model.…”

Section: Internal Structure and Surface Displacements: Gpr-sds And Gnssmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural health assessment of Puente del Inca natural monument using the integration of instruments and technologies

Lannutti

Lenzano

Barón

et al. 2020

CIG

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Puente del Inca is a natural monument standing over the Cuevas river in Mendoza, Argentina. The bridge currently exhibits structural deterioration due to natural and anthropic factors. This article seeks to offer a contribution to the conservation and restoration works of Puente del Inca by integrating instruments and technologies that allow the assessment of the health state of the natural bridge. The study relied on visual inspection, accretion-erosion rate measurements, hydrothermal flow characterization, ground-penetrating radar, soil dielectric sensor, Global Navigation Satellite System, laboratory testing, Structure from Motion, the Finite Element Method and ambient vibration testing. The results show that the morphology and health of the natural bridge depend on the dynamic balance between the erosion and the geobiological system intervening in the formation of the travertine constituting the natural bridge. The computational structural modeling demonstrates that there is a controversy between the benefit of irrigating the geological formation with thermal water and the loss of stability of the bridge under saturation conditions. Nevertheless, a continuous monitoring and an efficient administration of thermal water may ensure the deceleration of most of the erosive processes as well as the improvement of the geobiological system health.

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Section: Visual Inspection and Hydrothermal Flow Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Internal Structure and Surface Displacements: Gpr-sds And Gnssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural health assessment of Puente del Inca natural monument using the integration of instruments and technologies

Lannutti

Lenzano

Barón

et al. 2020

CIG

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“…Furthermore, it has been reported that thermal water can have some magnetic characteristics (Lannutti et al . ), as well as the soil of the planet Mars (Pettinelli et al . ; Picardi et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measuring both dielectric and magnetic properties of a physically penetrable material at radio frequency can arouse great interest as to several applications, e.g., monitoring of polluting substances melted in the soil, identification of some specific minerals, and quality check on alimentary substances like olive oil (Cataldo, De Benedetto and Cannazza 2011). Furthermore, it has been reported that thermal water can have some magnetic characteristics (Lannutti et al 2017), as well as the soil of the planet Mars Picardi et al 2005;Grimm and Stillman 2009). Last but not least, the discrimination between dielectric and magnetic characteristics of the investigated medium can be of interest in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) applications (Soldovieri, Persico and Leone 2005;Persico and Soldovieri 2011;Van Dam et al 2013;Persico 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of dielectric and magnetic properties of materials by means of a TDR probe: a preliminary theoretical investigation in the frequency domain

Persico

Pieraccini

2017

Near Surface Geophysics

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This paper is focused on the measurement of both dielectric and magnetic characteristics of a penetrable material at radio frequency through a time‐domain reflectometry probe. The goal is to prove that a time‐domain reflectometry probe can offer the possibility to discriminate the dielectric permittivity from the magnetic permeability of the material. This is due to the fact that the time‐domain reflectometry datum depends both on the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic waves in the probed medium and on the intrinsic impedance of the probe. However, the possibility to attain such a clear discrimination is bound by the condition that the reflection coefficient is measured (or calculated) along the probe at the air–soil interface in the frequency domain. Generally, time‐domain reflectometry probes measure the total (incident plus reflected) field in the time domain, and subsequently, the datum is needed to meet the condition that such claimed purpose is not just the Fourier transform of a datum collected by means of a common time‐domain reflectometry probe. Rather, either a devoted hardware should be implemented or a very accurate knowledge of the incident field should be guaranteed in order to separate the reflected wave from the incident one. In this preliminary work, our study has been restricted to a theoretical investigation in the frequency domain. In particular, our focus is set on the lossless case, and the attention is devoted to the issue of possible multiple solutions to demonstrate that this obstacle can be overcome by making the frequency step narrower or, alternatively, by narrowing the length step of the probe. Simulation results based on a bifilar transmission line model are shown.

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“…Rubio et al (1993) afirman que este puente no es una estructura geológica rígida, sino que se trata de una "bioconstrucción mineral", en la que participan varios componentes que definen el perfil de la estructura, es decir, la existencia de colonias de algas, salinidad y temperatura del agua termal, presión parcial de los gases disueltos, velocidad y turbulencia del agua termal y gradiente de luminosidad. En este sentido, el Puente del Inca puede ser considerado como un "Sistema Geobiológico", en cuya formación interactúan procesos biológicos, físicos, químicos y geológicos (Lannutti et al, 2017). La morfología del puente es FIG.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análisis de los procesos de regresión y restitución del monumento natural Puente del Inca, Andes Centrales, Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina

Lannutti

Lenzano

Barón

et al. 2020

andgeo

Self Cite

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The Puente del Inca, next to the homonymous village, is a natural bridge located on the Cuevas River, at about 2,700 m above sea level in the Central Andes of the province of Mendoza, Argentina. Declared Provincial Natural Monument in 2005, since the beginning of the 20th century it has registered a continuous weakening, mainly related to erosive processes that cause detachments of part of the material that makes up its structure. The objective of this study is to determine the factors involved in the structural regression and restitution of the natural bridge. To achieve this, visual inspection, characterization of thermal springs, measurement of accretion-erosion rate of travertine deposits, testing of materials and the development of a structural numerical model by the Finite Element Method, were carried out. Results indicate that the deterioration is linked, mainly, with changes in the geobiological system that regulates the travertine deposition and to the heterogeneous structure of the bridge. Changes of the geobiological system are related to the activity of the thermal waters present in the area, whose discontinuity and/or fluctuations in the flow rate are influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. The heterogeneity of the structure conditions the stability of the monument due to the presence of a less resistant material in the lower part of the bridge arch. From the numerical simulation, safety factors between 1.5 and 3 were determined for the bridge, thus, we conclude the structure is stable against its own weight, as long as the bridge maintains the current conditions.

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Using ground‐penetrating radar to investigate the internal structure of Puente del Inca, Mendoza, Argentina

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Structural health assessment of Puente del Inca natural monument using the integration of instruments and technologies

Structural health assessment of Puente del Inca natural monument using the integration of instruments and technologies

Measurement of dielectric and magnetic properties of materials by means of a TDR probe: a preliminary theoretical investigation in the frequency domain

Análisis de los procesos de regresión y restitución del monumento natural Puente del Inca, Andes Centrales, Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina

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