Using green to cool the grey: Modelling the cooling effect of green spaces with a high spatial resolution

Grilo, Filipa; Pinho, Pedro; Aleixo, Cristiana; Catita, Cristina; Silva, Patrícia; Lopes, Nuno; Freitas, Catarina; Santos‐Reis, Margarida; McPhearson, Timon; Branquinho, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138182

Cited by 81 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…First reliable results from the measurements will probably not be available until the end of 2021. Until then, the assumptions on climate effectiveness are based on the empirical values of completed studies, in which cooling by shading and evaporation of greening was proven [32][33][34][35]. The filter performance of constructed wetlands is also described in the literature [36,37], but will nevertheless be precisely determined in the Impulse Project by analysing water samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Integrated Design Strategy for Blue-Green Architecture

Well

Ludwig

2021

Sustainability

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Blue-green architecture entails buildings that contribute to improving the urban climate through the synergetic combination of water management and vegetation. They are part of an urban blue-green infrastructure network that combines ecosystem services in a multifunctional way. Projects implemented in an interdisciplinary manner create synergies with regard to the combination of water-related and vegetation-related objectives. However, applicable design strategies for this approach are currently lacking in practice. This paper investigates the approach of a blue-green architectural project in Stuttgart (the so called “Impulse Project”) and derives insights for an integrated design strategy. The analysis and transfer of the research is carried out by using the research by design methodology. For this purpose, the interdisciplinary design process is divided into three phases (pre-design, design, post-design) and described in detail. Reflection on the documented design reveals the knowledge gained and enables the transfer of the findings to future projects by means of the integrated design strategy for blue-green architecture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Integrated Design Strategy for Blue-Green Architecture

Well

Ludwig

2021

Sustainability

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“…Moreover, with higher tree density green spaces can provide a better cooling effect. In terms of the effective range of green spaces, they can affect the air temperature and humidity within 60m at the farthest (Grilo et al, 2020) (see Fig. 2).…”

Section: Urban Greening -Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 A cool city framework in landscape (Rehan, 2016) Figure 2 Green space cooling effect (Grilo et al, 2020) Figure 3 Comparison of materials (Doulos et al, 2004) Figure 4 Aerial View of the park (The !Melk Team, 2016)…”

Section: Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have contributed to the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This negative effect creates warmer and drier conditions in urban areas than in their surrounding rural areas and decreases the level of thermal comfort and quality of life (Grilo et al, 2020). To prevent and adapt to the rising temperature in the future, to balance the urban ecosystem and maintain the high quality of the living environment with more acceptable and comfortable temperature for urban citizens, numbers of studies in urban planning and landscape have started to explored and tested solutions to alleviate urban heat island and improve thermal comfort in cities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cooling strategies for thermal comfort in cities: a review of key methods in landscape design

Zou

Zhang

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Under the climate change scenario, the negative impacts of urban heat island (UHI) will exacerbate due to unsustainable urban planning and human activities. Thermal comfort has close relationships with UHI in urban areas. This paper is based on the studies of urban heat island, thermal comfort, microclimate and urban planning in cities in the recent decade, combined with cross-analysis research method. The key topics include vegetation and water conditions, the albedo of materials, urban morphology and more. By the comparative case studies in landscape projects, the results further reveal that the density of tree canopies, the natural structure and density of ground cover, the form of water features, the colour and texture of materials, and the scale of shading structures have different cooling effect and performance in outdoor thermal comfort improvement with speci c features in the landscape design. It is also found that there are some external conditions that can in uence design determinations in real practices. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical research methods and evaluation of thermal comfort landscape design elements, and to provide guidance for future sustainable city research and landscape design.

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“…The wetness refers to the amount of soil moisture. Even green area with reduced areas can regulate microclimate, increasing LST and moisture [45]. In winter, the land surface is largely dry and barren in Geneva [46].…”

Section: Combined Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Relationship between Land Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Urban Areas: A Case Study in Geneva and Paris

Mauree

Castello

et al. 2020

IJGI

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Currently, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, which leads to major changes in land use and land surface temperature (LST). The associated urban heat island (UHI) effects have multiple impacts on energy consumption and human health. A better understanding of how different land covers affect LST is necessary for mitigating adverse impacts, and supporting urban planning and public health management. This study explores a distance-based, a grid-based and a point-based analysis to investigate the influence of impervious surfaces, green area and waterbodies on LST, from large (distance and grid based analysis with 400 m grids) to smaller (point based analysis with 30 m grids) scale in the two mid-latitude cities of Paris and Geneva. The results at large scale confirm that the highest LST was observed in the city centers. A significantly positive correlation was observed between LST and impervious surface density. An anticorrelation between LST and green area density was observed in Paris. The spatial lag model was used to explore the spatial correlation among LST, NDBI, NDVI and MNDWI on a smaller scale. Inverse correlations between LST and NDVI and MNDWI, respectively, were observed. We conclude that waterbodies display the greatest mitigation on LST and UHI effects both on the large and smaller scale. Green areas play an important role in cooling effects on the smaller scale. An increase of evenly distributed green area and waterbodies in urban areas is suggested to lower LST and mitigate UHI effects.

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Using green to cool the grey: Modelling the cooling effect of green spaces with a high spatial resolution

Cited by 81 publications

References 77 publications

Development of an Integrated Design Strategy for Blue-Green Architecture

Development of an Integrated Design Strategy for Blue-Green Architecture

Cooling strategies for thermal comfort in cities: a review of key methods in landscape design

Spatio-Temporal Relationship between Land Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Urban Areas: A Case Study in Geneva and Paris

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