Using geographical information systems to measure accessibility of green areas in the urban center of Nevşehir, Turkey

Rethinking the distribution of urban green spaces in Mexico City: Lessons from the COVID-19 outbreak

“…Google Street View and Google Earth images have been widely used to analyze access to UGS in different cities ( Comber et al, 2008 , You, 2016 , Zhang et al, 2021 , Zhang and Zhou, 2018 ). The presence of vegetation was required for the spaces to be categorized as UGS ( Ergen, 2021 , Rigolon et al, 2018 ); thus, open spaces that are called parks but lack vegetation were omitted. Access points were assumed to be located around the perimeter of UGS because most of these spaces can be entered from all directions.…”

“…This first analysis adopts an accessibility threshold of 300 m, which was the distance employed by Zhou and Kim (2013) in their study of access to parks in Illinois as well as Schipperijn et al (2010) in their study of access to UGS in Denmark. The Nordic Council of Ministries has also recommended this metric as a maximum distance from one’s home to the nearest green space ( Neuvonen et al, 2007 ), as has the World Health Organization ( Ergen, 2021 ). Further evidence shows that people’s willingness to walk decreases for distances greater than 300 m ( Grahn and Stigsdotter, 2003 , Moseley et al, 2013 , Nielsen and Hansen, 2007 ).…”

“… Van Herzele and Wiedemann (2003) , among other academics, have advocated for the consideration of different UGS functional levels when analyzing access to UGS, as each level provides distinct benefits ( Schipperijn et al, 2010 ). Three of the four functional levels (children’s, district, and city parks) used in this study were defined following the Accessible Natural Green Space Standards (ANGSt), which is the United Kingdom’s benchmark for green space provision ( Ergen, 2021 ). A fourth scale, the neighborhood park, was introduced following the Classification of Parks in America and Nicholls’ (2001) study of access to parks in Bryan, Texas.…”

“…This distance increases to 800 m for neighborhood parks with areas of 2–8 ha ( Gupta et al, 2016 , Sturm and Cohen, 2014 ). These standards contrast those suggested by the World Health Organization and England’s Accessible Natural Greenspace Standard (ANGSt), both of which recommend that the nearest hectare of green space should be a maximum walking distance of 300 m from people’s residences ( Ergen, 2021 , Huang et al, 2017 ). There is no universal threshold definition for UGS functional levels and their corresponding catchment areas.…”

Using Geographic Information System (GIS) as a Supporting Tool in Public Facilities Planning: A Case Study on the City of Nasiriyah

“…One of the tools used in order to aid in the urban planning of a city, is the, the Geographic Information System (GIS) [8]. This application supports and involves all these factors in resolving the facility location problems of urban and regional planning [9].…”