Using Genetic Relatedness to Investigate the Development of Conflict Behavior in Black Bears

Breck, Stewart W.; Williams, Christen L.; Beckmann, Jon P.; Matthews, Sean M.; Lackey, Carl W.; Beecham, John

doi:10.1644/07-mamm-a-028r2.1

Cited by 57 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similarly, young bears may become food conditioned through their mother's behavior (Katajisto et al 2007, Madison 2008. However, Breck et al (2008) found no evidence of transmission of food-conditioning behavior in the related lineages of black bears. The study of the social behaviors evolution depends critically on knowing the genetic relatedness between interacting individuals (Queller & Goodnight 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Only several reports have addressed to comparison between habituated bears and wild (non-habituated) individuals (Breck et al 2008, Madison 2008, Hopkins 2013. It should be noted that Romanian population records one of the highest value for brown bear densities (Ionescu 1999, Jerina et al 2013, which can often lead to the appearance of deviated behavior (Elfstrom et al 2014).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the species that have prolonged juvenile-parent relationships and then live solitary life develop a primary opportunity for social learning (Breck et al 2008). Most of the skills necessary for survival, under the conditions of continuous search for what is needed and for trouble avoidance, are learnt during the fi rst two years (sometimes they need only one year) of their life in nature, while accompanied with their mother (Gilbert 1999, Breck et al 2008. Each bear develops its own behavioral strategy, exhibiting an individualism rarely seen in animal kingdom (Huber et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the influence of habituation on genetic structure of brown bear (Ursus arctos)

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Adult bear individuals live solitary and have prolonged parent-offspring relationships, therefore the share of learned skills compared to the inherited ones is much larger than in other carnivores. This promotes acquisition of deviated behavior and simultaneously establishment of a kinship structure. However, deviated bear behavior and human food conditioning are the symptoms of habituation. The aim of this paper is to test the genetic structuring of habituated and non-habituated individuals located in the central region of Romania (Braşov and Prahova districts), a hotspot in terms of human-bear conflicts. Seven microsatellites were used to genotype 145 samples (ear clips and tissue), out of which 82 were classified as habituated and 63 as wild individuals, respectively. Our results suggest the presence of kinship structures in habituated bear group and a reduction of genetic diversity (H e = 0.75), while the group located in the wild registered a higher genetic diversity (H e = 0.78) and more private alleles. The genetic differentiation suggested by the Neighbor joining cluster analysis has been strengthened by the two percent (AMOVA) differences between the two groups and highlights the negative impact of brown bear kinship structure, caused by the human expansion on wilderness. The genetic analyses indicated that the two groups share genetic variants due to the dispersal and breeding patterns of male adult bears. The emergence of genetic differences between the two groups can be avoided by preventing bears to become human-food conditioned; over time, kinship structure can pose a threat to genetic diversity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the influence of habituation on genetic structure of brown bear (Ursus arctos)

et al. 2015

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“…followed after their yearling dispersal, when they sought out new territories independently from their mothers. The authors found a strong impact of maternal foraging style (wild vs. food conditioned), which significantly predicted the foraging style of cubs once they were independent (but see Breck et al, 2008, for an alternative approach). In this case, the results had important management implications, since managers could predict and plan ahead for potential problem bears on the basis of maternal tendency to forage on human food sources (for additional management implications of social learning, see Whitehead, 2010).…”

Section: Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and constraints when studying social learning: Developmental approaches and social factors

Lonsdorf

Bonnie

2010

Learning & Behavior

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“…As long-lived mammals that spend most of their lives within a home range and show strong seasonal idelity to particular locations, bears probably learn much about the area, including where and how to ind food under a variety of circumstances (Stirling & Derocher, 1989). The variability in the way bears from the same population behave within a particular area may be inluenced by both genetic factors and learning (Mazur & Seher, 2007;Breck et al, 2008). It is generally accepted that bears vary their feeding manners according to habitat and the presence of human (Zunino & Herrero, 1972;Swenson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trouble-Making Brown Bear Ursus Arctos Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Carnivora) - Behavioral Pattern Analysis of the Specialized Individuals

Bereczky¹,

Pop²,

Chiriac³

2011

Travaux Du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa"

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Abstract. In Romania more than 500 damage cases caused by large carnivores are reported by livestock owners and farmers each year. This is the main reason for hunting derogation despite the protected species status. This study is the result of detailed examination of 198 damage cases caused by bears in 2008 and 2009, in the south-eastern Carpathian Mts in Romania. The goal of the study was to examine whether an individual-speciic behavioural pattern among problematic bears exists.We looked for bears which showed repeated killing of livestock, a phenomenon claimed by livestock owners to indicate the presence of a problematic individual in the area. In 27% of the observed cases the problematic bears exhibited speciic behaviour patterns: clear specialization on a certain type of damage, high degree of tolerance for humans, selectivity for certain prey items, returning back to the damage site in less than 8 days. Fast adaptation and taking advantage of easily obtainable food around human created artiicial sources is characteristic for all bear species, due to their high learning capacity and ecological plasticity, but from the conservation and management point of view dealing with individuals which specialize to live mainly around artiicial areas becomes a "problem". Thus deining and identifying individual behaviour patterns oriented towards conlicting behaviour might be useful for wildlife managers in identifying "problem individuals" in order to apply the proper control methods.Résumé. En Roumanie il y a plus de 500 cas par an de dommages provoqués par les grands carnivores, ce qui est la principale cause des dérogations accordées au statut d'espèces protégées, ain de récolter ces exemplaires. Cette étude est le résultat d'observations détaillées concernant 198 cas où les ours ont causé des dommages au cours des années 2008 et 2009 dans la zone de sud-est des Carpates Orientales en Roumanie. Le but de ces études a été d'identiier si il existe un modèle de comportement individuel dans le cas des ours qui provoquent des dommages. Nous avons cherché a identiier les individus qui ont présenté une certaine «personnalité» surtout en tuant d'une façon répétée du betail, phénomène souvent associé par les fermiers à l'existence d'un individu «problème».En 27% des cas observés, les exemplaires d'ours qui ont causé des dommages ont démontré une claire spécialisation pour divers cas d'attaque, présentant un haut degré de tolérance envers les hommes, une sélectivité pour certains types de proie, revenant à l'endoit où ils ont provoqué le dommage en moins de 8 jours. Ce comportement n'en est pas un anormal dans le cas des espèces d'ours, si l'on tient compte de leur grande capacité d'apprendre ainsi que de leur haute plasticité écologique. Toutefois, du point de vue du management et de la conservation de l'espèce, la présence de tels individus devient un «problème». Ainsi, la deinition du «modèle de comportement» qui permet l'identiication des «individus problème» orientés vers la production des dommages, peut devenir utile du ...

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Using Genetic Relatedness to Investigate the Development of Conflict Behavior in Black Bears

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Testing the influence of habituation on genetic structure of brown bear (Ursus arctos)

Testing the influence of habituation on genetic structure of brown bear (Ursus arctos)

Opportunities and constraints when studying social learning: Developmental approaches and social factors

Trouble-Making Brown Bear Ursus Arctos Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Carnivora) - Behavioral Pattern Analysis of the Specialized Individuals

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