Using Genetic Diversity Estimates in the Assessment of the Conservation Status of Neotropical Primates

Oklander, Luciana Inés; Willoughby, Janna R.; Corach, Daniel; Cortés‐Ortiz, Liliana

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65606-5_11

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Hence, the relevance of assessing heterozygosity and inbreeding levels in small and endangered species, by the use of neutral markers, to infer population viability is defended by the scientific community (e.g., [54,56]). Thus, neutral genetic diversity has been widely assessed to infer on the general population health status [60], especially in the Neotropics (e.g., [18,23,24,[61][62][63][64]).…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity in ex situ populations of the endangered Leontopithecus chrysomelas and implications for its conservation

Aliaga-Samanez,

Bulhões Javarotti,

Orecife

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Leontopithecus chrysomelas, the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin (GHLT), is an endangered and endemic Neotropical primate from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil that has suffered a reduction of its habitat and population size in the wild. Ex situ populations have been established as a relevant alternative to safeguard the species and retain its genetic diversity and evolutionary potential. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and structure of the two main Brazilian captive populations of GHLT, which have been under human care at the Primatology Center of Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ) and the Zoological Park Foundation of São Paulo (FPZSP). Our results revealed levels of genetic diversity overall comparable to those observed for other Leontopithecus species and for ex situ and in situ populations of GHLT previously studied. Bayesian and principal coordinate analyses showed a moderate differentiation between CPRJ and FPZSP populations. Both populations presented observed heterozygosity values higher than expected heterozygosity values for most of the microsatellites used in this study, suggesting that the management has been efficient in avoiding an increase in homozygosity. However, simulations point to a significant loss of genetic diversity in the next 100 years, mainly in the FPZSP population. Such data are relevant for further decision-making on the metapopulation management of L. chrysomelas in captive conditions and for integrating in situ and ex situ conservation plans.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity in ex situ populations of the endangered Leontopithecus chrysomelas and implications for its conservation

Aliaga-Samanez,

Bulhões Javarotti,

Orecife

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Historically, our work has aimed to discern the genetic diversity of this species to provide guidelines for the future management of populations (Oklander et al, 2017(Oklander et al, , 2020(Oklander et al, , 2021. For all the reasons mentioned above, we assume that the populations analysed in the flooded areas are functionally extinct (Säterberg et al, 2013).…”

Section: Implications For the Conservation Of Alouatta Carayamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gone With the Water: The Loss of Genetic Variability in Black and Gold Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya) Due to Dam Construction

et al. 2022

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Black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) inhabit several eco-regions in South America with the highest population densities in riverine forests. Dam construction for electricity production represents a severe human alteration of ecosystems with consequences for primate conservation. To evaluate the possible loss of genetic diversity in A. caraya, we analysed and compared the genetic structure of the species across 22 study sites in Argentina (14), Paraguay (1), and Brazil (7). Four of these study sites (referred to as flooded) were sampled before dam-linked flooding which most likely caused a drastic decline or functional extinction of these populations. The genetic variability of 256 individuals was evaluated using 10 autosomal microsatellites (STRs) and 112 individuals by sequencing a fragment of 507 bp of mtDNA. DNA was extracted from tissue, blood, and faecal samples. Significantly higher values of genetic variability were observed for the flooded populations both in mtDNA and STRs. Population genetic structure showed a K = 1, 2, or 5 depending on the method, separating Argentinian and Paraguayan sites from Brazilian sites and, in the case of K = 5, two clusters were mostly represented by flooded populations. Isolation-by-distance analyses showed that geographic distances influence gene flow. Analytical methods, such as Pairwise Fst’s and Nei’s and regression model of Harpending and Ward, were concordant in detecting significant genetic structuring between flooded and remaining sites examined. Although some sites have very low sample sizes, these samples are of great importance since these sampling sites are currently flooded. Our results show that the study sites where dams were built had the greatest genetic diversity. As A. caraya is currently severely threatened by yellow fever outbreaks, the remaining populations may be more vulnerable to disease outbreaks due to impoverished genetic variability. Accordingly, it is essential to implement management actions to conserve the remaining populations. Our results underline the importance for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) to include data on the genetic structure of species in the affected sites prior to their alteration or destruction. These genetic data are also remarkably important for determining where to relocate specific individuals to help avoid biodiversity loss.

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Using Genetic Diversity Estimates in the Assessment of the Conservation Status of Neotropical Primates

Cited by 2 publications

References 47 publications

Genetic diversity in ex situ populations of the endangered Leontopithecus chrysomelas and implications for its conservation

Genetic diversity in ex situ populations of the endangered Leontopithecus chrysomelas and implications for its conservation

Gone With the Water: The Loss of Genetic Variability in Black and Gold Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya) Due to Dam Construction

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