Using Genetic and Phenotypic Comparisons to Evaluate Apparent Segregation among Kokanee Spawning Groups

Whitlock, Steven L.; Campbell, Matthew R.; Quist, Michael C.; Dux, Andrew M.

doi:10.1002/tafs.10017

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Despite the findings of Whitlock et al. (), we did not observe meaningful differences in FL, weight, or SGR between early‐run and late‐run kokanee. However, the current study focused on age‐0 fish and did not allow for potential differences in behavior or physiology that may manifest in wild adult fish.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Whitlock et al. () suggested that the observed differences in growth between adult (age‐2–4) early‐run and late‐run wild kokanee in LPO were due to differences in behavior and(or) physiology related to genetic differentiation between groups. Despite the findings of Whitlock et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to disparate spawning times, growth differences exist among breeding groups (Whitlock et al. ). Based on trawl data collected from LPO during 2005–2015, early‐run hatchery kokanee were on average about 20 mm longer than late‐run hatchery kokanee and 20–30 mm longer than wild‐origin (early‐run and late‐run) fish of the same age (0–3 years; IDFG, unpublished data).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kokanee exhibited genetic differentiation based on breeding group (Whitlock et al. ), suggesting that early‐run hatchery fish may be genetically predisposed (e.g., feed conversion efficiency) to grow faster than late‐run hatchery fish (Huston and Deangelis ). Conversely, certain hatchery practices could explain the growth disparity between hatchery‐reared kokanee.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Growth Disparity in Sympatric Kokanee Breeding Groups

et al. 2019

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Growth is arguably the most important dynamic rate function due to its interaction with survival and recruitment. As such, understanding the mechanisms underlying growth is a primary focus of fisheries research. Kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, provide an interesting case study for investigating the factors that influence growth. Early‐run and late‐run kokanee occur in Lake Pend Oreille, but early‐run fish generally grow faster than late‐run fish. The observed growth disparity between early‐ and late‐run fish could be due to genetic differences between the two groups. Conversely, a common hatchery practice of slowing growth by reducing feed has been hypothesized to elicit a compensatory growth response in early‐run fish and to explain the size difference between breeding groups. Using two different experiments, we tested the hypotheses that (1) early‐run kokanee are genetically disposed to grow faster than late‐run kokanee at identical water temperatures; and (2) feed restriction elicits a compensatory growth response in early‐run kokanee that explains the observed size difference between breeding groups. Estimates of mean FL, weight, Fulton's condition factor (K), and specific growth rate (SGR) were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) between early‐run and late‐run fish in the first experiment. However, water temperature was positively related to mean FL, weight, K, and SGR for both breeding groups. Fish that were subjected to food deprivation exhibited an increased growth rate and obtained weights similar to those of control fish. Overall, our results suggest that early‐ and late‐run fish have similar growth potential, but certain hatchery practices likely provide early‐run fish with an initial advantage in growth, size, or both.

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Growth Disparity in Sympatric Kokanee Breeding Groups

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“…Reproductive and genetic isolation of populations is one mechanism by which the coexistence of sympatric resident and migrant phenotypes can be maintained (e.g. Grabowski et al 2011;Turbek et al 2018;Whitlock et al 2018). This may occur spatially, for example, with the segregation by depth of different migratory phenotypes of Atlantic cod Gardus morhua during spawning (Grabowski et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic telemetry reveals strong spatial preferences and mixing during successive spawning periods in a partially migratory common bream population

Winter

Hindes²,

Lane

et al. 2021

Aquat Sci

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Partial migration, whereby a population comprises multiple behavioural phenotypes that each have varying tendencies to migrate, is common among many animals. Determining the mechanisms by which these phenotypes are maintained is important for understanding their roles in population structure and stability. The aim here was to test for the temporal and spatial consistency of migratory phenotypes in a common bream Abramis brama (‘bream’) population, and then determine their social preferences and extent of mixing across three successive annual spawning periods. The study applied passive acoustic telemetry to track the movements of bream in the River Bure system of the Norfolk Broads, a lowland wetland comprising highly connected riverine and lacustrine habitats. Analyses revealed that individual migratory phenotype was highly consistent across the 3 years, but this was not predicted by fish sex or length at tagging. During the annual spawning periods, network analyses identified off-channel areas visited by both resident and migrant fish that, in non-spawning periods, were relatively independent in their space use. Within these sites, the co-occurrence of bream was non-random, with individuals forming more preferred associations than expected by chance. These associations were not strongly predicted by similarity in fish length, sex or behavioural phenotype, indicating that the resident and migrant phenotypes mixed during their annual spawning periods. The results suggested these different phenotypes, with spatially distinct resource use in non-spawning periods, comprised a single population, with this having important implications for the management of this wetland resource.

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Genetic population structure of introduced and native lineages of kokanee in a large impounded watershed

Breault,

Wetklo,

Langston

et al. 2023

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Kokanee, the non‐anadromous life‐history form of Oncorhynchus nerka, use lacustrine habitat in watersheds draining into the north Pacific Ocean. Kokanee also have been widely introduced into reservoirs following impoundment of rivers consequent to the construction of hydroelectric dams. Genetically divergent subpopulations of Kokanee should be identified and evaluated when implementing watershed‐level fishery management strategies. We analyzed the genetic population structure of Kokanee in the Williston watershed, north‐central British Columbia, where native populations were present in the reservoir and headwater lakes prior to stocking Columbia River‐origin fish in the 1990s. Using microsatellite markers, we determined that native Williston Reservoir Kokanee were divergent from only one of the headwater lake populations. Native populations in headwater lakes remain entirely separate from the reservoir populations, and there was no indication of past or current introgression with the introduced stock. We identified all fish collected from 2006 to 2019 as introduced Columbia River‐origin genotypes, and there was no evidence of genetic divergence by spawning location. As native Williston Kokanee have not been sampled from the reservoir in survey efforts since 2000, it is likely that this population has been extirpated from the reservoir perhaps through competition with the introduced Columbia River‐origin lineage.

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Using Genetic and Phenotypic Comparisons to Evaluate Apparent Segregation among Kokanee Spawning Groups

Cited by 6 publications

References 87 publications

Growth Disparity in Sympatric Kokanee Breeding Groups

Growth Disparity in Sympatric Kokanee Breeding Groups

Acoustic telemetry reveals strong spatial preferences and mixing during successive spawning periods in a partially migratory common bream population

Genetic population structure of introduced and native lineages of kokanee in a large impounded watershed

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