“…Santos et al (1996) adapted some pure flow-shop heuristics in the HFS environment. Various intelligent heuristics and meta-heuristics have become popular such as simulated annealing (SA) (Gourgand, Grangeon, & Norre, 1999;Jin, Yang, & Ito, 2006), tabu search (TS) (Nowicki & Smutnicki, 1998), genetic algorithms (GA) (Portmann, Vignier, Dardilhac, & Dezalay, 1998;Jin, Ohno, Ito, & Elmaghraby, 2002;Besbes, Loukil, & Teghem, 2006), approaches based on artificial immune systems (AIS) (Engin & Döyen, 2004).…”