Abstract:ABSTRACT. The liquid form of honey is relatively undesirable because honey could be crystallized and then spoilage under certain conditions. In this study, producing honey jelly from liquid citrus, clover and cotton honey using gelatin was investigated.
“…It provides numerous benefits to crop production. It helps to breakup claycompacted soils, improve soil physical properties, assists in transferring micronutrients from the soil to the plant, enhances water retention, increases seed germination rate, improves water, air and root penetration, and stimulates the development of microflora population in soils [20,23]. The application of 1000 mg L −1 of HA reduced the mean germination time of sesame seeds.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…for sesame seeds due to gypsum application, foliar spray of humic acid and/or amino acids [23]. Jahan et al [15] reported the highest and the lowest seed yields of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were obtained in the application of 80 kg ha −1 SAP + HA and non-application of SAP and HA, respectively.…”
Background: The current knowledge does not prepare a precise scientific tool for quantifying the effects of inputs particularly ecofriendly inputs such as superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and humic acid (HA) are being used to increase soil fertility, improve crop performance and finally food production. This study was designed and conducted aimed to suggest an innovative approach not only to identify and quantify the effects of these inputs but also to determine the efficient path among underground/aboveground relationships associated with sesame oil production. Two experiments were conducted at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad using randomized complete block design with split strip plot arrangement and three replications in two successive cropping years (2015-2016) to evaluate the effects of SAP and HA on Sesamum indicum L. growth characteristics and oil production under two different irrigation levels including: supplying 50 and 100% of the sesame water requirement were allocated to the main plots. Applying of SAP (80 kg ha −1) into the soil and control (no applying SAP) were allocated to the subplots. Foliar application of HA (6 kg ha −1) and control (not applying HA) were allocated to the strip plots. The analysis of variance revealed that the effects of HA and SAP on many sesame traits also soil properties were significant. Result: The fitted structural equation model suggests a direct strong-positive effect of leaf area index (LAI), plant height (PlantH) and water-use efficiency (WUE) on plant architecture construct (PlantArchitecture), soil nitrogen content (SoilN), soil electrical conductivity (SoilEC), and on soil properties construct (SoilProperties), which finally increase the sesame qualitative yield production. The calculation of the standard regression coefficients of the model's variables revealed that variables including: LAI, WUE and PlantPhysiology have had the most causal effect to defining the yield of sesame oil under the field condition of SAP and HA application. The findings in our study suggest that the direct advantages of SAP and HA application is to increase PlantPhysiology, PlantArchitecture and SoilProperties by 65, 50 and 17 percent, respectively, through contributing to the respective processes. Conclusion: Generally, the coefficient of determination of the suggested model (R 2 = 0.44) indicates that the model explains 44% of the variations in the sesame qualitative yield. The present study suggests employing the structural equation modeling could be best taken as a precise and practical quantitative modeling approach rather than a specific statistical technique, not only to quantify the effects of inputs and management operations but also helps
“…It provides numerous benefits to crop production. It helps to breakup claycompacted soils, improve soil physical properties, assists in transferring micronutrients from the soil to the plant, enhances water retention, increases seed germination rate, improves water, air and root penetration, and stimulates the development of microflora population in soils [20,23]. The application of 1000 mg L −1 of HA reduced the mean germination time of sesame seeds.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…for sesame seeds due to gypsum application, foliar spray of humic acid and/or amino acids [23]. Jahan et al [15] reported the highest and the lowest seed yields of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were obtained in the application of 80 kg ha −1 SAP + HA and non-application of SAP and HA, respectively.…”
Background: The current knowledge does not prepare a precise scientific tool for quantifying the effects of inputs particularly ecofriendly inputs such as superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and humic acid (HA) are being used to increase soil fertility, improve crop performance and finally food production. This study was designed and conducted aimed to suggest an innovative approach not only to identify and quantify the effects of these inputs but also to determine the efficient path among underground/aboveground relationships associated with sesame oil production. Two experiments were conducted at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad using randomized complete block design with split strip plot arrangement and three replications in two successive cropping years (2015-2016) to evaluate the effects of SAP and HA on Sesamum indicum L. growth characteristics and oil production under two different irrigation levels including: supplying 50 and 100% of the sesame water requirement were allocated to the main plots. Applying of SAP (80 kg ha −1) into the soil and control (no applying SAP) were allocated to the subplots. Foliar application of HA (6 kg ha −1) and control (not applying HA) were allocated to the strip plots. The analysis of variance revealed that the effects of HA and SAP on many sesame traits also soil properties were significant. Result: The fitted structural equation model suggests a direct strong-positive effect of leaf area index (LAI), plant height (PlantH) and water-use efficiency (WUE) on plant architecture construct (PlantArchitecture), soil nitrogen content (SoilN), soil electrical conductivity (SoilEC), and on soil properties construct (SoilProperties), which finally increase the sesame qualitative yield production. The calculation of the standard regression coefficients of the model's variables revealed that variables including: LAI, WUE and PlantPhysiology have had the most causal effect to defining the yield of sesame oil under the field condition of SAP and HA application. The findings in our study suggest that the direct advantages of SAP and HA application is to increase PlantPhysiology, PlantArchitecture and SoilProperties by 65, 50 and 17 percent, respectively, through contributing to the respective processes. Conclusion: Generally, the coefficient of determination of the suggested model (R 2 = 0.44) indicates that the model explains 44% of the variations in the sesame qualitative yield. The present study suggests employing the structural equation modeling could be best taken as a precise and practical quantitative modeling approach rather than a specific statistical technique, not only to quantify the effects of inputs and management operations but also helps
“…The effects of HS on salt and drought tolerances have also been demonstrated in other plant species [11,12]. Foliar spray of HS preparations increased photosynthetic pigment contents in eggplant [13] and the final yield in peanut [14], enhanced tolerance against abiotic stresses [15], improved phytohormone contents in snap bean [16], as well as the fresh and dry weight per plant in common bean [17].…”
Leonardite-based biostimulants are a large class of compounds, including humic acid substances. Foliar application of biostimulants at field level improves plant growth, yield and quality through metabolic changes and stimulation of plant proton pumps. The present study aimed at identifying optimum dosage of BLACKJAK, a humic acid-based substance, which is able to modify genes involved in sugar beet growth. Thirty-three genes belonging to various biochemical pathway categories were tested in leaves of treated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) samples to assess gene expression profiling in response to BLACKJAK. Seedlings of a diploid and multigerm variety were grown in plastic pots and sprayed with two dilutions of BLACKJAK (dilution 1:500–1.0 mg C L−1 and dilution 1:1000–0.5 mg C L−1). Leaf samples were collected after 24, 48, and 72 h treatment with BLACKJAK for each dilution. RNA was extracted and the quantification of gene expression was performed while using an OpenArray platform. Results of analysis of variance demonstrated that, 15 genes out of a total of 33 genes tested with OpenArray qPCR were significantly affected by treatment and exposure time. Analysis for annotation of gene products and pathways revealed that genes belonging to the mitochondrial respiratory pathways, nitrogen and hormone metabolisms, and nutrient uptake were up-regulated in the BLACKJAK treated samples. Among the up-regulated genes, Bv_PHT2;1 and Bv_GLN1 expression exerted a 2-fold change in 1:1000 and 1:500 BLACKJAK concentrations. Overall, the gene expression data in the BLACKJAK treated leaves demonstrated the induction of plant growth–related genes that were contributed almost to amino acid and nitrogen metabolism, plant defense system, and plant growth.
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