Using Eye Tracking to Identify Learner Differences in Example Processing

Najar, Amir Shareghi; Mitrović, Antonija; Neshatian, Kourosh

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_104

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It can be also interpreted as less strategic in the exploration. These results are in agreement with the findings of Ball et al (2004) and Najar et al (2015) on the advantage of strategic approach in design exploration. A schema-driven approach in example search can be more desirable in a design-related task and our study demonstrates it in terms of the understanding of the design space.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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How Florist Apprentices Explore Bouquet Designs: Supporting Design Space Exploration for Vocational Students

Kim

Oertel

Dillenbourg

2021

IJRVET

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Context: Exploring the design space is an important process in a design task. In this study, we considered design space exploration for the learners in vocational education and training (VET). The goal of the study was to investigate how they explore the design space while focusing on the effect of a graph-like interface on the learner’s understanding of the design space. With florists as the target profession, we investigated how the apprentices explore design variations, what they would gain from such activity, and how we can support this process. Approach: We developed a web application called BloomGraph that allows learners to explore design variations. It provides a graph-based interface that enables the systematic variation of design. Using the BloomGraph application, we conducted an experimental study with 44 florist apprentices in Switzerland to investigate the effect of the graph-based interface which provides a structured way of exploring the design space. The experimental group was given the graph-based interface to explore design variations while the control group had a linear-based interface. We compared them in terms of the number of bouquets explored, time of exploration, diversity of bouquets explored, and the learning gain in terms of the understanding of the design space measured using pre and post-tests. We also analyzed the strategies adopted by the participants for the graph navigation and the visual exploration behavior using the eye gaze data. Findings: Our analysis shows that the graph-based interface fosters a better understanding of the size of the design space and more efficient navigation towards a goal design in terms of the number of intermediate designs but with longer exploration of each intermediate design compared to the linear-based interface. Regarding the behavioral patterns in graph exploration, the participants who showed more strategic behavior in the design choices acquired a better understanding of the design space. Additionally, we trained a model that predicts the next choice of a learner using eye tracking data. It provides a reasonable accuracy that opens new possibilities for future studies.Conclusion: The findings of this study support the feasibility of design space exploration as a digital activity for VET learners and show how the learners can benefit from it. The contribution of the paper includes the validation of the idea with florist apprentices and the demonstration of how the process can be supported using a structured interface and the learner behavior analysis. This paper shows how a design exploration activity can provide an added value in the learning of an apprentice in a design-related VET system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In their study, experts show more schema-driven use of examples than case-driven, with respect to novices. Najar et al (2015) show that the students with higher levels of knowledge pay more attention to the schema of the data than the weaker students. Our interest lies in the same domain as these studies.…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 85%

How Florist Apprentices Explore Bouquet Designs: Supporting Design Space Exploration for Vocational Students

Kim

Oertel

Dillenbourg

2021

IJRVET

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Investigating problem-solving behaviours of university students through an eye-tracking system using GeoGebra in geometry: A case study

Türkoğlu,

Yalçınalp

2024

Educ Inf Technol

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Problem solving is one of the high-level thinking skills and essential in teaching mathematical concepts and procedures. The eye-tracking method allows educators to see and interpret different problem-solving behaviours of students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the problem-solving behaviours of university students based on eye tracking statistics when faced with a geometry problem, and to explain these behaviours in terms of the students' success and learning styles. The research design was a case study approach that combined quantitative and qualitative data. Eight first-year students from the department of elementary mathematics education in a private University, Turkey, participated in this study. They were asked to solve a specific geometry question using the GeoGebra software. While solving this question, their eye movements were recorded and analysed using an eye-tracking program. Results were analysed to investigate their problem-solving skills and behaviours based on Polya’s mathematical problem-solving stages. Results of the study suggest that the effort devoted to the understanding and planning stages of problem-solving are important factors that contribute to success in this case. Results also revealed that participated students with a converger learning style were more successful in each step of the problem-solving process. Additionally, it could be concluded that the input area had only been used by converger students, indicating that they devoted time and effort to creating and trying formulas.

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Evaluating the benefits of worked examples in a constraint-based tutor.

Najar¹

2014

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Using Eye Tracking to Identify Learner Differences in Example Processing

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

How Florist Apprentices Explore Bouquet Designs: Supporting Design Space Exploration for Vocational Students

How Florist Apprentices Explore Bouquet Designs: Supporting Design Space Exploration for Vocational Students

Investigating problem-solving behaviours of university students through an eye-tracking system using GeoGebra in geometry: A case study

Evaluating the benefits of worked examples in a constraint-based tutor.

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