Using European travellers as an early alert to detect emerging pathogens in countries with limited laboratory resources

Guérin, Philippe J.; Grais, Rebecca F.; Røttingen, John Arne; Valleron, A.J.

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-8

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…T8 occurred between (95% CI 197812 . T8 occurred between -1987 and (95% CI 1985(95% CI -1989, with a first reported outbreak in Zambia in 1990-1991 12,24 . The strain then rapidly spread across an Africa ravaged by civil unrest, war (e.g., Mozambique, Angola, Rwanda, Sierra Leone) and HIV infection 12,24 until 2011.…”

Section: Lineage II Contained Mostly Isolates Collected In Europe Betmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T8 occurred between -1987 and (95% CI 1985(95% CI -1989, with a first reported outbreak in Zambia in 1990-1991 12,24 . The strain then rapidly spread across an Africa ravaged by civil unrest, war (e.g., Mozambique, Angola, Rwanda, Sierra Leone) and HIV infection 12,24 until 2011. With the exception of a localized outbreak in the northern part of the Central African Republic in 2004 25 caused by sublineage IIIc (see below), all other outbreaks in Africa since 1990 have been caused by lineage IV.…”

Section: Lineage II Contained Mostly Isolates Collected In Europe Betmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global phylogeography and evolutionary history of Shigella dysenteriae type 1

Njamkepo¹,

Fawal²,

Tran-Dien³

et al. 2016

Nat Microbiol

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Together with plague, smallpox and typhus, epidemics of dysentery have been a major scourge of human populations for centuries(1). A previous genomic study concluded that Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), the epidemic dysentery bacillus, emerged and spread worldwide after the First World War, with no clear pattern of transmission(2). This is not consistent with the massive cyclic dysentery epidemics reported in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries(1,3,4) and the first isolation of Sd1 in Japan in 1897(5). Here, we report a whole-genome analysis of 331 Sd1 isolates from around the world, collected between 1915 and 2011, providing us with unprecedented insight into the historical spread of this pathogen. We show here that Sd1 has existed since at least the eighteenth century and that it swept the globe at the end of the nineteenth century, diversifying into distinct lineages associated with the First World War, Second World War and various conflicts or natural disasters across Africa, Asia and Central America. We also provide a unique historical perspective on the evolution of antibiotic resistance over a 100-year period, beginning decades before the antibiotic era, and identify a prevalent multiple antibiotic-resistant lineage in South Asia that was transmitted in several waves to Africa, where it caused severe outbreaks of disease.

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Section: Lineage II Contained Mostly Isolates Collected In Europe Betmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lineage II Contained Mostly Isolates Collected In Europe Betmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global phylogeography and evolutionary history of Shigella dysenteriae type 1

Njamkepo¹,

Fawal²,

Tran-Dien³

et al. 2016

Nat Microbiol

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“…Previous studies highlight the usefulness of travellers’ surveillance as an early warning detection system for emergence or re-emergence of communicable diseases [26], [27], [28]. Travellers’ surveillance has proven in the past to be an effective early alert system for detecting the emergence of CQ resistance (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Easy access to reproducible and standardized data should be implemented. The existing health international, European or American institutions (WHO, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Atlanta) and the different networks for infectious diseases surveillance in travellers (TropNet Europe, EuroTravNet, GeoSentinel) should be used for facilitating the coordination and data sharing between national surveillance systems [26], [27], [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Travellers: An Additional Tool for Tracking Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Endemic Countries

Gharbi¹,

Flegg

Pradines

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionThere are growing concerns about the emergence of resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). Since the widespread adoption of ACTs, there has been a decrease in the systematic surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance in many malaria-endemic countries. The aim of this work was to test whether data on travellers returning from Africa with malaria could serve as an additional surveillance system of local information sources for the emergence of drug resistance in endemic-countries.MethodologyData were collected from travellers with symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria returning from Senegal (n = 1,993), Mali (n = 2,372), Cote d’Ivoire (n = 4,778) or Cameroon (n = 3,272) and recorded in the French Malaria Reference Centre during the period 1996–2011. Temporal trends of the proportion of parasite isolates that carried the mutant genotype, pfcrt 76T, a marker of resistance to chloroquine (CQ) and pfdhfr 108N, a marker of resistance to pyrimethamine, were compared for travellers and within-country surveys that were identified through a literature review in PubMed. The in vitro response to CQ was also compared between these two groups for parasites from Senegal.ResultsThe trends in the proportion of parasites that carried pfcrt 76T, and pfdhfr 108N, were compared for parasites from travellers and patients within-country using the slopes of the curves over time; no significant differences in the trends were found for any of the 4 countries. These results were supported by in vitro analysis of parasites from the field in Senegal and travellers returning to France, where the trends were also not significantly different.ConclusionThe results have not shown different trends in resistance between parasites derived from travellers or from parasites within-country. This work highlights the value of an international database of drug responses in travellers as an additional tool to assess the emergence of drug resistance in endemic areas where information is limited.

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“…It has been estimated that 9.2% of cases of Salmonellosis in the EU can be attributed 319 to international travel, and therefore sequencing Salmonella isolated in Europe can 320 provide valuable information regarding the global diversity of Salmonellae associated 321 with human disease (28,29 only been found to be plasmid-associated in Salmonellae. We discovered that the 327 blaCTX-M-15 gene was chromosomally encoded in isolate U60, causing disruption of the 328 ompD locus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%