Using Ethereum Blockchain in Internet of Things: A Solution for Electric Vehicle Battery Refueling

Sun, Hexu; Hua, Song; Zhou, Ence; Pi, Bingfeng; Sun, Jun; Yamashita, Kazuhiro

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94478-4_1

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Out of 35 studies, three [17], [21], [40] were building blockchain-based IoT platform for manufacturing domain, follows by domain of IoV [26], [32], electric trading [20], [29] and energy grid [37], [41] having two studies each. There is one study [42] that focused on applying blockchain-based IoT solution on eHealth while one [8] is on smart home.…”

Section: A Domain and Attempted Issues 1) Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are 27 out of the 35 studies [9]- [23], [25], [26], [28], [29], [32], [34], [36]- [41] that used blockchain to solve the central key management issue on IoT platform. There are four [8], [12], [17], [40] to solve the lack of standards with the use of blockchain.…”

Section: ) Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are 16 out of 35 studies used Ethereum [8], [10]- [12], [14], [19], [20], [23], [24], [27], [32], [34], [36]- [38], [42] while four used Bitcoin network [22], [28], [30], [34]. Out from the remaining 35, four used Multichain [21], [30], [33], [39], followed by three studies that used Hyperledger [15], [31], [40] and one used Monax [33].…”

Section: B Blockchain Infrastructure 1) Blockchain Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Blockchain Solutions for IoT: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2019

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The Internet of Things (IoT) aims at connecting things to the Internet in a peer-to-peer paradigm for data collecting and data sharing in our daily life. A blockchain is an immutable append-only ledger maintained by a peer-to-peer network, where the whole network needs to reach a consensus on the transactional data stored on the ledger. With the decentralization nature, the design of IoT and blockchain aligns with each other well. Blockchain has been integrated with the IoT to solve the existing IoT problems. Our research focuses on analyzing the solutions proposed in academia and the methodologies used to integrate blockchain with the IoT. Through conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) on peerreviewed, published articles on blockchain-based solutions for IoT, we gather the knowledge on current technical approaches implemented to integrate blockchain into the IoT. Majority of the research in this space is either at a conceptual level or at a very early stage. However, we only found 35 published papers with the real implementation of blockchain in the IoT platforms. We elicit the challenges of the IoT that were being addressed, and the detailed design of the blockchain-based solutions from two perspectives, namely data management and thing management. The evaluation methods and metrics used by those works are also being recorded and analyzed. In addition to the analysis of the literature, we provide our insights on improving the existing solutions and research methodology based on our expertise and experience on the blockchain.INDEX TERMS Internet of Things, blockchain, data privacy, identity management systems.

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Section: A Domain and Attempted Issues 1) Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Blockchain Infrastructure 1) Blockchain Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Blockchain Solutions for IoT: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2019

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“…In the internet of things scenario, an excellent solution for consumers, rich-thin-clients IoT solution is created by Sun et al [22], using the limited resources of the internet of things tools while implementing blockchain mining methods. Both rich and thin clients can access blockchain and data collection operations, and only rich clients can perform mining operations.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Contract Centric Inference Engine For Intelligent Electric Vehicle Transportation System

Byun

2020

Sensors

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The provision of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing due to the need for ecological green energy. The increment in EVs leads to an intelligent electric vehicle transportation system’s need instead of cloud-based systems to manage privacy and security issues. Collecting and delivering the data to current transportation systems means disclosing personal information about vehicles and drivers. We have proposed a secure and intelligent electric vehicle transportation system based on blockchain and machine learning. The proposed method utilizes the state of the art smart contract module of blockchain to build an inference engine. This system takes the sensors’ data from the vehicle control unit of EV, stores it in the blockchain, makes decisions using an inference engine, and executes those decisions using actuators and user interface. We have utilized a double-layer optimized long short term memory (LSTM) algorithm to predict EV’s stator temperature. We have also performed an informal analysis to demonstrate the proposed system’s robustness and reliability. This system will resolve the security issues for both information and energy interactions in EVs.

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“…A decentralized consensus system, also known as the consensus model, is necessary for all participants to synchronize their data. Most studies [2] [3][4] [5] implemented blockchain solutions that use Proof-of-Work (PoW) [6] consensus to probabilistically elect the leader, which employs billions of CPUs to search for hash values [7] and has limitations on the maximum transaction rate. On the other hand, another set of studies [8] [9] adopted permissioned blockchains with Practical Byzantine-Fault Tolerance (PBFT) [11] consensus, which requires every two nodes communicate with each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beh-Raft-Chain: A Behavior-Based Fast Blockchain Protocol for Complex Networks

Wang

Bai

Jiang

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng.

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By facilitating multiple independent owners to jointly control a distributed network, blockchain can be used to solve the problem of device collaboration in complex networks (e.g. 5G, health care industries) through a distributed consensus mechanism. However, the state-of-the-art blockchain-based solutions cannot meet the demand of high transaction rate for those applications, due to the unavoidable data synchronization cost in decentralized systems. To address this issue, recent research splits blockchain nodes into multiple groups as parallel shardings to improve scalability at the cost of increased communication and storage per node. This paper proposes a fast and secure distributed blockchain protocol to reduce the traffic complexity while enhancing the transaction rates and the capability of fault-toleration. We introduce Proof-of-Behavior (PoB), a behavior-based incentive mechanism, for stimulating honest behavior and neutralizing malicious attacks. We design a blockchain protocol by integrating PoB with Raft, another classic consensus protocol with supervision, called Beh-Raft-Chain. Our approach replaces Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) with Behavior-based Raft to lower the traffic complexity to O(n) and boost the capability of fault-toleration from n/4 to n/3, where n is the scale of blockchain. In our solution, we weigh all nodes based on their money and behaviors, and then set an adjustment parameter to increase the probability of candidate nodes being chosen beyond only a few nodes with the highest weight, in order to incentivize honest behavior in our mechanism. Our comparative experiments confirm Beh-Raft-Chain's theoretical low complexity and high fault-toleration properties.

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Using Ethereum Blockchain in Internet of Things: A Solution for Electric Vehicle Battery Refueling

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Analysis of Blockchain Solutions for IoT: A Systematic Literature Review

Analysis of Blockchain Solutions for IoT: A Systematic Literature Review

Smart Contract Centric Inference Engine For Intelligent Electric Vehicle Transportation System

Beh-Raft-Chain: A Behavior-Based Fast Blockchain Protocol for Complex Networks

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