Using enhanced text to facilitate recognition of drug names: Evidence from two experimental studies

Schell, Kraig L.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2008.01.010

Cited by 24 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…If always presented in traditional fonts, the reported reduction in false positives may have been caused by a bias to believe that two drug names are different when the fonts in which they are displayed were different. This type of criterion shift due to differences in font between a sample and test has been reported in past investigations of Tallman lettering (Schell, 2009). To eliminate this possibility, the publication could have demonstrated that there was not a similar bias to say names were different in target present trials (more false negatives) with Tallman lettering.…”

Section: Research Regarding the Use Of Tallman Letteringmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Tallman increased "false alarms" (i.e. participants reported a change in the drug name when it was the same), leading the researchers to conclude that Tallman lettering failed to reduce drug name confusion (Schell, 2009). However, the change in font type that existed in Tallman trials may have been confused with name changes, producing an inflation of false alarms and masking the true advantage of Tallman.…”

Section: Research Regarding the Use Of Tallman Letteringmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A number of studies have used sensitive measures with simple displays for the purpose of studying the effect of Tallman lettering on the recognition of drug names (Darker et al, 2011;Schell, 2009;Filik et al, 2010). For instance, Darker et al (Darker et al, 2011) presented a single drug name at very low visual contrast.…”

Section: Research Regarding the Use Of Tallman Letteringmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Schell (Schell, 2009) andFilik et al (Filik et al, 2010) both used a single-shot change detection method to evaluate how Tallman lettering influenced the ability to discriminate between confusable drug names. In these studies, a drug name was briefly presented, followed by a delay, and then a second drug name was presented that either matched or was commonly confused with the original.…”

Section: Research Regarding the Use Of Tallman Letteringmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Tallman lettering as a strategy for differentiation in look-alike, sound-alike drug names: The role of familiarity in differentiating drug doppelgangers

et al. 2016

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Section: Research Regarding the Use Of Tallman Letteringmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Research Regarding the Use Of Tallman Letteringmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Research Regarding the Use Of Tallman Letteringmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Research Regarding the Use Of Tallman Letteringmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tallman lettering as a strategy for differentiation in look-alike, sound-alike drug names: The role of familiarity in differentiating drug doppelgangers

et al. 2016

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“…Eleven studies evaluated the use of Tall Man lettering (Tables 1 and 2 and Table 3 (Appendix)) [18–20, 22, 24, 25, 27–29, 31, 32]. A wide range of different drug names were tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic literature review on strategies to avoid look-alike errors of labels

Larmené-Beld

Alting

Taxis

2018

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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PurposeUnclear labeling has been recognized as an important cause of look-alike medication errors. The aim of this literature review is to systematically evaluate the current evidence on strategies to minimize medication errors due to look-alike labels.MethodsA literature search of PubMed and EMBASE for all available years was performed independently by two reviewers. Original studies assessing strategies to minimize medication errors due to look-alike labels focusing on readability of labels by health professionals or consumers were included. Data were analyzed descriptively due to the variability of study methods.ResultsSixteen studies were included. Thirteen studies were performed in a laboratory and three in a healthcare setting. Eleven studies evaluated Tall Man lettering, i.e., capitalizing parts of the drug name, two color-coding, and three studies other strategies. In six studies, lower error rates were found for the Tall Man letter strategy; one showed significantly higher error rates. Effects of Tall Man lettering on response time were more varied. A study in the hospital setting did not show an effect on the potential look-alike sound-alike error rate by introducing Tall Man lettering. Color-coding had no effect on the prevention of syringe-swaps in one study.ConclusionsStudies performed in laboratory settings showed that Tall Man lettering contributed to a better readability of medication labels. Only few studies evaluated other strategies such as color-coding. More evidence, especially from real-life setting is needed to support safe labeling strategies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00228-018-2471-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Learning Experience Design in Health Professions Education: A Conceptual Review of Evidence for Educators

Pan

Massimo

Scott

et al. 2020

AEM Education and Training

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Objectives: The increasing use of online resources in emergency medicine (EM) education has driven demand for higher quality resources. Learning experience design (LED) is the study of how electronic user interfaces impact learner outcomes. We sought to summarize the evidence for LED principles to inform creation of EM educational resources. Methods:We performed scripted searches of MeSH terms, PubMed keywords, and hand tracings.Inclusion criteria were controlled studies using light-emitting diode or liquid crystal display monitors with Latin-based languages. Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors were excluded because of the user experience confounders.Results: Thirty-two articles met inclusion criteria. Overall, 14-point size significantly improved legibility compared to smaller font sizes. Similarly, Verdana and Arial typefaces significantly improved legibility compared to Times New Roman typeface. Verdana also significantly decreased subjective mental workload and visibility difficulty ratings and required the least eye movement of any typefaces tested. Positive polarity (dark text on light background) significantly improved reading outcomes across many measurements over negative polarity. There was higher character identification accuracy with higher luminance. Text effects (e.g., italics), interword and interletter spacing, and page presentation are among variables with mixed or minimal evidence. Conclusion:Learning experience design principles significantly impacted reading and learning outcomes in laboratory settings. No studies evaluated classroom outcomes. Recommendations for electronic learning environments are 14-point font with Verdana or Arial typeface with positive polarity (dark letters on light background). We recommend increasing screen brightness slightly. EM educators may significantly improve the speed and accuracy of learning written material by espousing evidence-based LED principles.

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Using enhanced text to facilitate recognition of drug names: Evidence from two experimental studies

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Tallman lettering as a strategy for differentiation in look-alike, sound-alike drug names: The role of familiarity in differentiating drug doppelgangers

Tallman lettering as a strategy for differentiation in look-alike, sound-alike drug names: The role of familiarity in differentiating drug doppelgangers

A systematic literature review on strategies to avoid look-alike errors of labels

Learning Experience Design in Health Professions Education: A Conceptual Review of Evidence for Educators

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