Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to Delineate Subsurface Structures at Siloam Hot Spring in the Soutpansberg Basin, South Africa

Abstract

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to delineate subsurface structures at Siloam hot spring in the Soutpansberg Basin of South Africa. The spring water was reported to be hottest in South Africa. Groundwater with temperature ranging between 63.3 °C and 67.5°C was observed flowing from the spring. Relatively wet areas were noted to the south and north of the spring. Electrical resistivity arrays with Dipole-dipole and Wenner-Schlumberger configurations were used. Current injection and potential dipole separations of 5 m and 10 m were applied across the spring. Inversion results for arrays with the shorter dipole separation of 5 m had better resolution. Resistivity sections were generated from inversion of ERT data. The resistivity values for the low and high resistive zones were ρa < 10 and ρa > 70 Ωm respectively. Sub-horizontal resistivity zones were obtained from the inversion of Wenner-Schlumberger array survey data. High resistivity zones associated with dykes or sills were delineated on Dipole-dipole derived depth sections. Near vertical structures associated with water bearing faults or fractures were delineated at the Siloam hot spring.

Soil Classification From Resistivity and P-Wave Seismic Velocity With Support of Particle Size Distribution (Psd) Analysis

“…2D resistivity and seismic refraction have become one of the most common methods used in shallow subsurface investigations. They have been implemented to delineate geological faults (Saetang et al 2014;Nur Amalina et al 2017;Nyabeze et al 2018), finding groundwater (Moustafa et al 2013, Ashraf et al 2018Azhar et al 2019), and characterize subsurface and identifying the type of soil (Hazreek et al 2015;Mad Said et al 2015;Al-Heety and Shanshal 2016;Akip Tan et al 2018). 2D resistivity method is susceptible to the distribution of electrical resistivity in the subsurface.…”