Using earth abundant materials for long duration energy storage: electro-chemical and thermo-chemical cycling of bicarbonate/formate

Abstract

Using hydrogen to store energy in chemical bonds is a key component of the global strategy to achieving a sustainable future and ameliorating climate change. The challenges associated with handling...

Hydrogen mini-Factory for domestic purposes (wind version)

“…This method, which is based on the bicarbonate-formate cycle, is an attractive way to store hydrogen in a cheap way using salts found in abundance in nature. According to the research of Gutiérrez et al 45 , with the help of this method, it is possible to store 27 g of hydrogen per 1 L of solution; This means that 1260 L of solution or 1.26 m 3 of space are needed to store 1 week's production. Compared to the gas storage method, the difference is really impressive.…”

Hydrogen storage as liquid solar fuels

“…Formic acid (HCOOH), which is produced by 2e − CO 2 reduction, is receiving increasing attention, since HCOOH is a liquid that is easy to store and carry and H 2 can be regenerated from HCOOH whenever it is needed on site. 27,33,34,41,64–74 The selective reduction of CO 2 to HCOOH or CO has been made possible by selecting metal complex catalysts. 75 The hydrogenation of CO 2 to HCOOH in aqueous solutions was catalysed by metal-aqua complexes ([M–OH 2 ] 2+ ): a Ru-aqua complex, [(η 6 -C 6 Me 6 )Ru II (bpy)(OH 2 )] 2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), and an Ir-aqua complex, Ir[(η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )Ir III (bpy)(OH 2 )] 2+ .…”

Heterojunction catalysts for CO2–HCOOX interconversion cycles

“…19,38,64–66 The hydrogenation of HCO 3 − to form formate in the base additive system has a Δ G 0 = 0 kJ mol −1 , with a thermodynamic advantage compared to the gas phase CO 2 . 67 According to the reaction substrates in the hydrogenation reaction, there are two widely accepted reaction pathways, including CO 2 and bicarbonate reduction pathways. 32,68 In the typical thermocatalytic hydrogenation process, it is widely accepted that H 2 adsorbs on the active sites and hetero-dissociates into hydride and proton.…”

“…77 While the dehydration of HCOOH with a Δ G 0 = −28.54 kJ mol −1 is the not expected side reaction, producing CO that is toxic to the active sites. 76,78 Except for the two pathways from HCOOH, HCO 2 − could also be transferred to HCO 3 − by hydrogen evolution, with a nearly Δ G 0 = 0 kJ mol −1 , 67 which has no other gas evolution (Table 2).…”