Using Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Removal of Glycerol from Palm Oil-Based Biodiesel

Shahbaz, Kaveh; Mjalli, Farouq S.; Hashim, Mohd Ali; AlNashef, Inas M.

doi:10.3923/jas.2010.3349.3354

Cited by 137 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Later, Shahbaz et al . used the same method for the separation of glycerol from biodiesel using DESs . Two tested DESs including ChCl‐EG and ChCl‐2,2,2‐trifluracetamide were able to completely remove glycerol from palm oil‐based biodiesel.…”

Section: Roles Of Dess In Chemical Processesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Deep eutectic solvents: designer fluids for chemical processes

Wazeer

Hayyan

Hadj-Kali

2017

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

110

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The increasing demand for multi‐task green solvents has spurred the development of next‐generation liquid media such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which have recently attracted increased attention. DESs are mixtures of salts and complexing agents, having freezing points lower than those of starting individual components. Similarly to ionic liquids, DESs exhibit distinctive properties such as chemical and thermal stability, biodegradability, non‐flammability, and cost effectiveness. These features account for their wide range of applications, e.g. as extractants, reactants, catalysts, reaction media, additives, and lubricants. This review summarizes the recent research efforts directed at exploring the potential applications of DESs in various chemical processes. With the rapid publication of reports on this new generation of solvents, other roles also are expected to be seen sooner or later. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Roles Of Dess In Chemical Processesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Deep eutectic solvents: designer fluids for chemical processes

Wazeer

Hayyan

Hadj-Kali

2017

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

110

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“…368 In addition, choline chloride/ethylene glycol (1:2.5 molar ratio) and choline chloride/2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (1:1.75, molar ratio) were shown effective in glycerol removal from palm oil based biodiesel. 369 The Domínguez de María group 370 chose levulinic acid and sugar-based polyols as renewable H-bond donors to form eutectic ILs with choline chloride, and found that the addition of glycerol could reduce the viscous eutectic solvents.…”

Section: Choline-based Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ether- and alcohol-functionalized task-specific ionic liquids: attractive properties and applications

2012

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In recent years, the designer nature of ionic liquids (ILs) has driven their exploration and exploitation in countless fields among the physical and chemical sciences. A fair measure of the tremendous attention placed on these fluids has been attributed to their inherent designer nature. And yet, there are relatively few examples of reviews which emphasize this vital aspect in an exhaustive or meaningful way. In this critical review, we systematically survey the physicochemical properties of the collective library of ether- and alcohol-functionalized ILs, highlighting the impact of ionic structure on features such as viscosity, phase behavior/transitions, density, thermostability, electrochemical properties, and polarity (e.g., hydrophilicity, hydrogen bonding capability). In the latter portions of this review, we emphasize the attractive applications of these functionalized ILs across a range of disciplines, including their use as electrolytes or functional fluids for electrochemistry, extractions, biphasic systems, gas separations, carbon capture, carbohydrate dissolution (particularly, the (ligno)celluloses), polymer chemistry, antimicrobial and antielectrostatic agents, organic synthesis, biomolecular stabilization and activation, and nanoscience. Finally, this review discusses anion-functionalized ILs, including sulfur- and oxygen-functionalized analogs, as well as choline-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), an emerging class of fluids which can be sensibly categorized as semi-molecular cousins to the IL. Finally, the toxicity and biodegradability of ether- and alcohol-functionalized ILs are discussed and cautiously evaluated in light of recent reports. By carefully summarizing literature examples on the properties and applications of oxy-functional designer ILs up till now, it is our intent that this review offer a barometer for gauging future advances in the field as well as a trigger to spur further contemplation of these seemingly inexhaustible and—relative to their potential—virtually untouched fluids. It is abundantly clear that these remarkable fluidic materials are here to stay, just as certain design rules are slowly beginning to emerge. However, in fairness, serendipity also still plays an undeniable role, highlighting the need for both expanded in silico studies and a beacon to attract bright, young researchers to the field.

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“…They are easy to prepare with high purity at relatively low cost, and most of them are biodegradable [21]. Being ionic liquids, DESs share many interesting characteristics with conventional RTILs such as negligible vapour pressure, wide liquid range, high thermal and chemical stabilities, non flammability, and other unusual solvent properties, which make them very promising candidates as green solvents for many chemical and industrial applications including CO 2 absorption [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%