Using Day and Night – Scheduling Retrieval Practice and Sleep

Kroneisen, Meike; Kuepper-Tetzel, Carolina E.

doi:10.1177/1475725720965363

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, given the important differences in experimental control between our online study and the original laboratory experiment of Wilhelm et al [ 24 ], further work is necessary to determine the conditions under which these selective sleep-memory effects may emerge. Nevertheless, our findings add to a developing body of online research indicating that sleep provides robust and long-lasting benefits for memory [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Future-relevant memories are not selectively strengthened during sleep

Ashton

Cairney

2021

PLoS ONE

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Overnight consolidation processes are thought to operate in a selective manner, such that important (i.e. future-relevant) memories are strengthened ahead of irrelevant information. Using an online protocol, we sought to replicate the seminal finding that the memory benefits of sleep are enhanced when people expect a future test [Wilhelm et al., 2011]. Participants memorised verbal paired associates to a criterion of 60 percent (Experiment 1) or 40 percent correct (Experiment 2) before a 12-hour delay containing overnight sleep (sleep group) or daytime wakefulness (wake group). Critically, half of the participants were informed that they would be tested again the following day, whereas the other half were told that they would carry out a different set of tasks. We observed a robust memory benefit of overnight consolidation, with the sleep group outperforming the wake group in both experiments. However, knowledge of an upcoming test had no impact on sleep-associated consolidation in either experiment, suggesting that overnight memory processes were not enhanced for future-relevant information. These findings, together with other failed replication attempts, show that sleep does not provide selective support to memories that are deemed relevant for the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Future-relevant memories are not selectively strengthened during sleep

Ashton

Cairney

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…An overreliance on small sample sizes in many experiments is likely a major contributor to conflicting results ( 2 ), with studies being underpowered to detect true effects. While it is challenging to recruit large samples for typical laboratory experiments, utilizing online tools to examine the behavioral effect of sleep on memory represents a promising avenue to increase sample size and sample from a broader portion of society ( 17 – 19 ). We turned to this resource to examine, in two well-powered experiments, whether sleep enhances emotional memory in human adults in the largest studies of sleep and emotional memory to date.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep preferentially consolidates negative aspects of human memory: Well-powered evidence from two large online experiments

Denis

Sanders

Kensinger

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Research suggests that sleep benefits memory. Moreover, it is often claimed that sleep selectively benefits memory for emotionally salient information over neutral information. However, not all scientists are convinced by this relationship [e.g., J. M. Siegel. Curr. Sleep Med. Rep. , 7, 15–18 (2021)]. One criticism of the overall sleep and memory literature—like other literature—is that many studies are underpowered and lacking in generalizability [M. J. Cordi, B. Rasch. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , 67, 1–7 (2021)], thus leaving the evidence mixed and confusing to interpret. Because large replication studies are sorely needed, we recruited over 250 participants spanning various age ranges and backgrounds in an effort to confirm sleep’s preferential emotional memory consolidation benefit using a well-established task. We found that sleep selectively benefits memory for negative emotional objects at the expense of their paired neutral backgrounds, confirming our prior work and clearly demonstrating a role for sleep in emotional memory formation. In a second experiment also using a large sample, we examined whether this effect generalized to positive emotional memory. We found that while participants demonstrated better memory for positive objects compared to their neutral backgrounds, sleep did not modulate this effect. This research provides strong support for a sleep-specific benefit on memory consolidation for specifically negative information and more broadly affirms the benefit of sleep for cognition.

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“…Finally, as in most studies measuring consolidation, it should be noted that offline improvement can be a result of the effect of testing, rather than a truly offline process (Eriksson et al, 2011;Schoch et al, 2017). Studies aiming to ameliorate this problem by including separate groups tested in different intervals show the benefit of active consolidation in addition to the facilitative effect of testing itself (Kroneisen & Kuepper-Tetzel, 2021).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sleep on Language and Motor Consolidation: Evidence of Domain General and Specific Mechanisms

BenZion

Gabitov

Prior

et al. 2022

Neurobiology of Language

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The current study explores the effects of time and sleep on the consolidation of a novel language learning task containing both item-specific knowledge and the extraction of grammatical regularities. We also compare consolidation effects in language and motor sequence learning tasks, to ask whether consolidation mechanisms are domain general. Young adults learned to apply plural inflections to novel words based on morpho-phonological rules embedded in the input and learned to type a motor sequence using a keyboard. Participants were randomly assigned into one of two groups, practicing each task during the morning or evening hours. Both groups were retested 12 and 24 hrs. post training. Performance on frequent trained items in the language task stabilized only following sleep, consistent with a hippocampal mechanism for item-specific learning. However, regularity extraction, indicated by generalization to untrained items in the linguistic task, as well as performance on motor sequence learning, improved 24 hours post training, irrespective of the timing of sleep. This consolidation process is consistent with a fronto-striatal skill learning mechanism, common across the language and motor domains. This conclusion is further reinforced by cross domain correlations at the individual level between improvement across 24 hours in the motor task and in the low-frequency trained items in the linguistic task, which involve regularity extraction. Taken together, our results at the group and individual levels suggest that some aspects of consolidation are shared across the motor and language domains, and more specifically between motor sequence learning and grammar learning.

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Using Day and Night – Scheduling Retrieval Practice and Sleep

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Future-relevant memories are not selectively strengthened during sleep

Future-relevant memories are not selectively strengthened during sleep

Sleep preferentially consolidates negative aspects of human memory: Well-powered evidence from two large online experiments

Effects of Sleep on Language and Motor Consolidation: Evidence of Domain General and Specific Mechanisms

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